Nicht-medikamentöse Prophylaxe des Schlaganfalls

Kernaussagen

• Nahrungsergänzungsmittel und Antioxidantien reduzieren das Schlaganfallrisiko nicht signifikant.

• Vitamin A, E und C hat keinen Effekt auf die Schlaganfallprävention und erhöht unter Umständen das kardiovaskuläre Risiko.

• Restriktion des Salzkonsums führt zu einer effektiven Risikoreduktion für den ischämischen Schlaganfall.

• Die Mittelmeerdiät stellt durch die ausgewogene Ernährung eine effektive Prävention dar.

• Die Ergänzung von B-Vitaminen führt zu keiner signifikanten Reduktion des Schlaganfallrisikos.

• Alkohol, Schokolade und Kaffee in Maßen wirken protektiv.

• Auch gesunde Patienten ohne kardiovaskuläre Vorgeschichte sollten regelmäßig – bei jeder ärztlichen Vorstellung – zu einer gesunden Lebensführung angehalten werden. Hierzu zählt neben einer ausgewogenen Ernährung mit regelmäßigen Fischgerichten, ausreichend frischem Obst und Gemüse, die Verwendung von Olivenöl und ein sparsamer Umgang mit Salz.

• Das Risiko eines Rezidiv-Schlaganfalls bei vorausgegangem kryptogenen Schlaganfall und PFO ist gering.

• Der perkutane Verschluss eines PFO bei kryptogenem Schlaganfall ist der medikamentösen Behandlung nicht überegen.

• In Einzelfällen kann bei sehr jungen Patienten oder Unverträglickeit von TFH eine Intervention in Erwägung gezogen werden.

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