J Reconstr Microsurg 2013; 29(04): 223-232
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1333317
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Static Treatment Modalities in Facial Paralysis: A Review

Ahmed M. S. Ibrahim
1   Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
,
Amr N. Rabie
1   Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
,
Peter S. Kim
1   Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
,
Miguel Medina
1   Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
,
Joseph Upton
1   Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
,
Bernard T. Lee
1   Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
,
Samuel J. Lin
1   Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

30 August 2012

05 November 2012

Publication Date:
09 January 2013 (online)

Abstract

Introduction Facial nerve dysfunction can be attributed to several different causes. Several techniques have been developed to help treat the appearance and functional limitation of patients with sequelae of facial nerve dysfunction. There are options regarding static techniques of facial nerve injury treatment that range from facial musculature plication or shortening, fascial sling suspension via allograft or autograft, injectables and implants (ENDURAGen, AlloDerm, LifeCell, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA) to techniques such as brow lift, open and endoscopic facelifts, and various eyelid surgeries with upper and lower lid procedures. In this review the various static facial nerve treatment modalities are discussed.

Methods and Results A comprehensive review of the literature was performed detailing the most common static facial nerve treatment modalities and their known results and complications.

Conclusions There are individual issues associated with facial palsy for which individual solutions must be carefully tailored. Despite the presence of many surgical options, the results of reconstruction are limited. With the rapid advancement of surgical techniques, approaches to the management of facial nerve dysfunction have expanded, helping surgeons to improve and utilize alternative techniques for the treatment of patients with acute and chronic facial paralysis.

 
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