Download PDF
Semin Hear 2012; 33(04): 381-398
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1329226
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

The Development of a Pitch Training Program for Adult Cochlear Implant and Hearing Aid Users

Dona M. P. Jayakody
1   Department of Communication Disorders, The University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
2   Ear Science Institute Australia, Perth, Australia
,
Valerie Looi
1   Department of Communication Disorders, The University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
3   Cochlear Ltd. (Asia Pacific), Sydney, Australia
,
Emily Lin
1   Department of Communication Disorders, The University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
,
Michael Robb
1   Department of Communication Disorders, The University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
19 November 2012 (online)

Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

This article describes the development of a take-home, computerized pitch perception training program designed for application with adult cochlear implant (CI) and hearing aid (HA) users. Two different versions of the program were developed, one using a fixed-level protocol (where the difficulty of the task did not change according to the trainees' accuracy) and the second using an adaptive protocol whereby the difficulty level changed according to the trainee's responses. The training program was tested with 16 adult CI recipients and 20 HA users. The at-home training consisted of 40 30-minute sessions over 10 weeks. Both groups completed posttraining evaluation questionnaires that provided information to enable future refinement of the program into a form suitable for long term clinical use. This article describes the pitch training program that was developed—the considerations that were accounted for in its development; the stimuli, tasks, and procedure; its application in a pilot test conducted as part of this article; the data logging results that were collected when this training program was tried among a group of CI recipients and HA users; the feedback obtained from these participants; and finally the clinical applications and importance of such a program.

Keywords

cochlear implants - hearing aids - pitch perception - music - training
 

  • References

  • 1 ANSI. American national standard acoustical terminology. New York, NY: American National Standards Institute, Inc.; ANSI S1.1–1994; 1994
  • 2 Luo X, Fu QJ, Galvin III JJ. Vocal emotion recognition with cochlear implants. Trends Amplif 2007; 11: 311-315
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Peters KP. Emotion Perception in Speech: Discrimination, Identification and the Effects of Talker and Sentence Variability [Capstone Project]. St. Louis, MO: Audiology and Communication Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine; 2006
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 4 Anderson S, Parbery-Clark A, Yi HG, Kraus N. A neural basis of speech-in-noise perception in older adults. Ear Hear 2011; 32: 750-757
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Anderson S, Skoe E, Chandrasekaran B, Zecker S, Kraus N. Brainstem correlates of speech-in-noise perception in children. Hear Res 2010; 270: 151-157
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Fetterman BL, Domico EH. Speech recognition in background noise of cochlear implant patients. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002; 126: 257-263
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Galvin III JJ, Fu QJ, Nogaki G. Melodic contour identification by cochlear implant listeners. Ear Hear 2007; 28: 302-319
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Kong YY, Cruz R, Jones JA, Zeng FG. Music perception with temporal cues in acoustic and electric hearing. Ear Hear 2004; 25: 173-185
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Wei CG, Cao K, Zeng FG. Mandarin tone recognition in cochlear-implant subjects. Hear Res 2004; 197: 87-95
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Jayakody DMP. A computerized pitch-perception training program for the hearing impaired [Ph.D. dissertation]. Christchurch, New Zealand: Department of Communication Disorders, University of Canterbury; 2012
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 11 Gfeller K, Jiang D, Oleson JJ, Driscoll V, Knutson JF. Temporal stability of music perception and appraisal scores of adult cochlear implant recipients. J Am Acad Audiol 2010; 21: 28-34
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Gfeller K, Christ A, Knutson JF, Witt S, Murray KT, Tyler RS. Musical backgrounds, listening habits, and aesthetic enjoyment of adult cochlear implant recipients. J Am Acad Audiol 2000; 11: 390-406
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Leal MC, Shin YJ, Laborde ML , et al. Music perception in adult cochlear implant recipients. Acta Otolaryngol 2003; 123: 826-835
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Limb CJ, Molloy AT, Jiradejvong P, Braun AR. Auditory cortical activity during cochlear implant-mediated perception of spoken language, melody, and rhythm. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2010; 11: 133-143
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Pizzo RG, Garotta M, Amigoni E, Ambrosetti U, Fagnani E. Perceptual and cognitive neuroplasiticity in adults with cochlear implants. In: Waltzman SB, Cohen NL, , eds. Cochlear Implants. New York, NY: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.; 2000
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 16 Fu Q-J, Galvin 3rd JJ, Wang X, Nogaki G. Effects of auditory training on adult cochlear implant patients: a preliminary report. Cochlear Implants Int 2004; 5 (Suppl. 01) 84-90
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Fu Q-J, Nogaki G, Galvin III JJ. Auditory training with spectrally shifted speech: implications for cochlear implant patient auditory rehabilitation. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2005; 6: 180-189
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Gfeller K, Witt S, Stordahl J, Mehr M, Woodworth G. The effects of training on melody recognition and appraisal by adult cochlear implant recipients. J Acad Rehabil Audiol. 2000; XXXIII: 115-138
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Gfeller K, Witt S, Adamek M , et al. Effects of training on timbre recognition and appraisal by postlingually deafened cochlear implant recipients. J Am Acad Audiol 2002; 13: 132-145
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Moore BCJ. Cochlear Hearing Loss: Physiological, Psychological and Technical Issues. 2nd ed. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2007
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 Woolf NK, Ryan AF, Bone RC. Neural phase-locking properties in the absence of cochlear outer hair cells. Hear Res 1981; 4: 335-346
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 22 Moore BC. Perceptual consequences of cochlear hearing loss and their implications for the design of hearing aids. Ear Hear 1996; 17: 133-161
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 23 Looi V, McDermott H, McKay C, Hickson L. Music perception of cochlear implant users compared with that of hearing aid users. Ear Hear 2008; 29: 421-434
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 Looi V, King J 2012. A music appreciation training program for cochlear implant recipients. Paper presented at: 12th International Conference on Cochlear Implants and Other Implantable Auditory Technologies, May 3–5, 2012; Baltimore, MD
    PubMed
  • 25 Moore BC, Carlyon RP. Perception of pitch by people with cochlear hearing loss and by cochlear implant users. In: Plack CJ, Oxenham AJ, , eds. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research: Pitch Perception. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 2005
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 26 Leek MR, Molis MR, Kubli LR, Tufts JB. Enjoyment of music by elderly hearing-impaired listeners. J Am Acad Audiol 2008; 19: 519-526
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 27 Feldmann H, Kumpf W. [Listening to music in hearing loss with and without a hearing aid]. Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg) 1988; 67: 489-497
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 28 Olsen AD. Auditory training at home for adult hearing aid users [Dissertation]. Lexington, KY: Health Sciences, University of Kentucky; 2010
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 29 Looi V, She J. Music perception of cochlear implant users: a questionnaire, and its implications for a music training program. Int J Audiol 2010; 49: 116-128
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 30 Amitay S, Irwin A, Moore DR. Discrimination learning induced by training with identical stimuli. Nat Neurosci 2006; 9: 1446-1448
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 31 Roth DA, Appelbaum M, Milo C, Kishon-Rabin L. Generalization to untrained conditions following training with identical stimuli. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 19: 223-236
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 32 Moore DR, Rosenberg JF, Coleman JS. Discrimination training of phonemic contrasts enhances phonological processing in mainstream school children. Brain Lang 2005; 94: 72-85
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 33 Moore DR, Amitay S. Auditory training: rules and applications. Semin Hear 2007; 28: 99-109
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 34 Donnelly PJ, Limb CJ. Music perception in cochlear implant users. Cochlear implants: Principles and practices 2009; 1–12. Available at: http://www.cs.jhu.edu/∼donnell/docs/Donnelly%20Limb%20CI%20Music.pdf . Accessed November 15, 2011
    PubMed
  • 35 Haenschel C, Vernon DJ, Dwivedi P, Gruzelier JH, Baldeweg T. Event-related brain potential correlates of human auditory sensory memory-trace formation. J Neurosci 2005; 25: 10494-10501
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 36 Tremblay K, Kraus N, Carrell TD, McGee T. Central auditory system plasticity: generalization to novel stimuli following listening training. J Acoust Soc Am 1997; 102: 3762-3773
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 37 Kraus N, McGee T, Carrell TD, King C, Tremblay K, Nicol T. Central auditory system plasticity associated with speech discrimination training. J Cogn Neurosci 1995; 7: 25-32
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 38 Fox MD, Snyder AZ, Vincent JL, Corbetta M, Van Essen DC, Raichle ME. The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102: 9673-9678
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 39 Woldorff MG, Gallen CC, Hampson SA , et al. Modulation of early sensory processing in human auditory cortex during auditory selective attention. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90: 8722-8726
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 40 Sussman E, Winkler I, Huotilainen M, Ritter W, Näätänen R. Top-down effects can modify the initially stimulus-driven auditory organization. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2002; 13: 393-405
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar