Biomedizin in der Thoraxchirurgie: eine Standortbestimmung

Zusammenfassung

Die Biomedizin ist ein neues interdisziplinäres Arbeitsgebiet an der Schnittstelle zwischen Human-, Molekular- und Zellbiologie und Medizin und umfasst die Stammzellforschung, das Tissue Engineering und die Materialwissenschaften. Sie liefert neue Forschungs- und Behandlungsansätze für bisher ungelöste medizinische Probleme. In vielen medizinischen Fachbereichen, insbesondere in den einzelnen chirurgischen Disziplinen wird biomedizinische Forschung betrieben und erste erfolgreiche Entwicklungen wurden bereits in die Klinik transferiert. In der Thoraxchirurgie werden biomedizinische Forschungsansätze vor allem für den Gewebe- und Organersatz der oberen Atemwege, Lunge und Brustwand verfolgt. Trotz eines vergleichsweise kleinen Forschungsfundaments wurden im Bereich des tracheobronchialen Ersatzes weltweit bereits 5 verschiedene Ansätze zur klinischen Anwendung am Patienten gebracht, was im Wesentlichen einem Mangel an etablierten Behandlungsoptionen im Falle ausgedehnter Erkrankungen der großen Atemwege geschuldet ist. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden der klinische Hintergrund und die gewebespezifischen Grundlagen der tracheobronchialen Biomedizin dargelegt.

Abstract

Biomedicine represents a new scientific field at the interface of human, molecular and cell biology and medicine. Comprising the diverse disciplines of stem cell research, tissue engineering and material sciences, biomedicine gives rise to new approaches in research and therapy for – to date – unmet medical issues. Biomedical research is currently conducted in many medical, especially surgical subspecialties, and a number of successful developments have already been brought to clinical application. Concerning thoracic surgery, biomedical approaches are pursued primarily for tissue and organ replacement of the upper airways, lung and thoracic wall. In spite of a comparatively small research foundation, five different concepts have been clinically implemented worldwide, due to a lack of established treatment options in the case of extensive disease of the greater airways. In this review, the clinical background and the tissue-specific basics of tracheobronchial biomedicine are presented.

Schlüsselwörter

Thoraxchirurgie - Bioengineering - chirurgische Forschung

Key words

thoracic surgery - Bioengineering - surgical research

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