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Laryngorhinootologie 2013; 92(01): 9-23
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1327624
Übersicht
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Emotionale Auswirkungen einer Fazialisparese

Emotional Impact of Facial Palsy
C. Dobel
1   Institut für Biomagnetismus und Biosignalanalyse, Universität Münster, Münster
,
W.H. R. Miltner
2   Institut für Psychologie, Universität Jena, Jena
,
O. W. Witte
3   Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena
,
G. F. Volk
4   HNO-Klinik, Universitätsklinikum der FSU Jena, Jena
,
O. Guntinas-Lichius
4   HNO-Klinik, Universitätsklinikum der FSU Jena, Jena
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
12 October 2012 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Die Fazialisparese ist nicht nur eine mimische Bewegungsstörung, sondern führt bei zahlreichen Patienten unter Umständen bereits im akuten Stadium, sehr häufig aber im chronischen Stadium zu einer emotionalen und kommunikativen Störung. In dieser Übersichtarbeit werden die derzeitigen Kenntnisse der psychologischen und neurobiologischen Grundlagen des Zusammenhangs zwischen Gesichtsmimik und Emotion und den Beziehungen zwischen einer gestörten Gesichtsmimik und emotionalen und kommunikativen Störung darstellt. Derzeit ist über die Folgen einer Fazialisparese auf die Emotionsfähigkeit und emotionale Kommunikationsfähigkeit nur wenig bekannt. Viele Patienten klagen nicht nur darüber, dass der Anblick ihres Gesichts bei anderen Personen negative Gefühle hervorruft, sondern auch darüber, dass andere Personen ihren inneren Gefühlszustand nicht mehr adäquat von ihrem Gesichtsausdruck abgelesen werden kann. Das alles führt bei den Patienten zu Stress, Angst und häufig zur Depression. Die Patienten vermeiden folglich soziale Kontakte, was diese Störungen verstärkt. Mit dem Facial Disability Index steht dem HNO-Arzt ein einfacher Fragebogen zur Verfügung um derartige Störungen zu entdecken. Standardisierte Therapiekonzepte, die auf eine Verbesserung des emotionalen Gesichtsausdrucks abzielen und solche Störungen behandeln, liegen bislang nur in rudimentärer Weise vor. Hier gibt die Arbeit ebenfalls einen Ausblick auf neue Behandlungsverfahren, die wir in unserem Jenaer Fazialis-Nerv-Zentrum zurzeit entwickeln und evaluieren.

Abstract

Emotional Impact of Facial Palsy

Facial palsy is not only a movement disorder but leads also to an emotional and communicative disorder in chronic stage but also in some patients already during the acute phase of the disease. The present review describes the current knowledge of the neurobiological and psychological fundamentals on the relation of facial movement and its emotional context. So far there is not much knowledge on the impact of a facial palsy on the interaction between facial movement, emotional processing and communicative skills of the patient. The emotional contagion seems to be reduced in patients with facial palsy. The ability to express emotions seems also to be reduced. Moreover, the patients feel to be perceived negatively. In fact, most of the expressions of patients with facial palsy are allocated with a negative affect even when the patients are smiling. Patients with facial palsy react with negative stress, anxiety and depression. The patients avoid social contacts. In turn, this reinforces the communicative disorder. The otorhinolaryngologist can use the Facial Disability Index as a simple questionnaire to detect such dysfunctions. Diagnostics that are necessary to develop a therapy program are presented in this review. Standardized therapy concepts that are not only treat the movement disorder but also the emotional context is missing so far. Finally, the review will give an outlook on potential therapy strategies.

Schlüsselwörter

Fazialisparese - Kommunikationsstörung - Depression - Gesichtsausdruck - Mimik - Emotion

Key words

facial palsy - communcative disorder - depression - facial expression - mimic - emotion
 

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