ESBL- und AmpC-produzierende Enterobakterien bei Tieren

Kernaussagen

ESBL- und AmpC-bildende Enterobakterien, speziell E. coli, sind bisher v. a. als Verursacher von Infektionen bei Mensch und Tier bekannt. Aktuelle Studien zeigen jedoch auch eine Kolonisierung dieser Keime bei gesunden Heim-, Nutz- und Wildtieren sowie ein Vorkommen in bzw. auf Lebensmitteln. Eine Übertragung der ESBL- und AmpC-bildenden Enterobakterien zwischen Mensch, Tier und Umwelt scheint wahrscheinlich, wobei noch keine Aussagen über die Richtung des Transfers oder eine Einschätzung der Risiken gemacht werden kann. Aktuelle Untersuchungen unterstreichen jedoch eine Verwandtschaft der resistenten Mikroorganismen, da gleiche Sequenztypen sowie gleiche Enzymvarianten bei aus Menschen, Tieren und auch aus Lebensmitteln isolierten Keimen gefunden wurden. Eine große Gefahr ausgehend von der Besiedlung mit den resistenten Keimen besteht höchstwahrscheinlich in der Übertragung der ESBL-/AmpC-kodierenden Plasmide auf pathogene Mikroorganismen und eine somit zunehmend schwierigere antimikrobielle Therapie von Infektionen.

Eine Senkung des Vorkommens von multiresistenten Erregern in Tierhaltungen wird angestrebt, wofür derzeit verschiedene Konzepte entwickelt werden. Dabei stehen ein transparentes und intensives Monitoring von gesunden Tierbeständen, die zentrale Erfassung aller Arzneimittelanwendungen in Tierhaltungen, eine Verbesserung der Haltungs- und Hygienebedingungen sowie ein verantwortungsbewusster Einsatz von Antibiotika nach existierenden Leitlinien in Veterinär- und Humanmedizin im Vordergrund.

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