Senfölbombe der Kreuzblütler – pflanzlicher Verteidigungsmechanismus mit therapeutischer Wirkung

Zusammenfassung

Die „Senfölbombe“ ist der allseits bekannte Scharfmacher von Senf und Meerrettich, kommt aber auch als würzig oder bitter schmeckende Variante in Kohl, Rettich, Raps, Kresse und Rucola vor. Dieses Abwehrsystem schützt Pflanzen der Kreuzblütlerfamilie vor Raupen, Heuschrecken, Pilzen, Bakterien und Viren. Es ist ein chemisches Prinzip, das aus dem Enzym Myrosinase und dem inaktiven Glukosinolat besteht. Wird die Pflanzenzelle angefressen, explodiert die „Bombe“: Die Myrosinase spaltet das Glukosinolat und das hoch wirksame Senföl entsteht. Über 120 verschiedene Senföle existieren, die nicht nur die Pflanze selbst behüten, sondern dem Menschen seit der Antike als Heilmittel gegen Bakterien, Viren, Pilze, Entzündungen und sogar Krebs dienen. Inzwischen belegen zahlreiche experimentelle Untersuchungen und Ernährungsstudien die therapeutische Wirksamkeit der Kreuzblütler und ihrer Inhaltsstoffe beim Menschen. Besonders gut untersucht ist das Senföl Sulforaphan, das in hoher Konzentration in Brokkoli und seinen Sprossen vorkommt. In mehreren renommierten amerikanischen Krankenhäusern sind nun erste klinische Studien über die begleitende Behandlung von Krebspatienten mit Brokkolisprossen angelaufen, deren Ergebnisse mit Spannung erwartet werden. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über die Kreuzblütlerfamilie mit Bezug zu Botanik, Naturheilkunde, Ernährung, molekularen Wirkmechanismen und therapeutischer Verwendung.

Summary

The so called „mustard oil bomb“ is well known to turn up the heat upon mustard or horseradish consumption but is also responsible for the spicy or bitter taste of cabbage, radish, rape, cress and rucola. This defense system protects plants of the cruciferous family against caterpillars, grasshopers, fungi, bacteria and viruses. It is a chemical principle composed of the enzyme myrosinase and the inactive glucosinolate. Upon damage of the plant cell the „bomb“ explodes: The myrosinase cleaves the glucosinolate and the highly effective mustard oil arises. More than 120 different mustard oils exist, which do not only protect the plant itself, but also serve as remedies against bacteria, viruses, fungi, inflammation and cancer since the ancient. In the meanwhile, numerous experimental examinations and nutrition studies in humans support the therapeutic efficacy of the crucifers and their ingredients. Particularly well studied is the mustard oil sulforaphane, which is present in high concentration in broccoli and its sprouts. First clinical studies have now been started in several renowned US clinics to examine the effects of broccoli sprouts to treatment of cancer patients and the results are expected to live. The present article gives an insight to the cruciferous family with respect to botany, naturopathy, nutrition, molecular mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications.

Schlüsselwörter

Sekundäre Pflanzenstoffe - Brassica - Brokkoli - Glukosinolate - Sulforaphan

Keywords

Secondary plant compounds - brassica - broccoli - glucosinolates - sulforaphane

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