Was Kinder vor Allergien schützt – Überblick über den aktuellen Forschungsstand

Nicht nur im Frühling, wenn die Pollen fliegen, sind Kinder von Allergien betroffen, sondern das ganze Jahr über. Der folgende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die momentane Datenlage zur Allergieprävention – wie können Eltern ihre Kinder schützen, und was sind mögliche Allergieauslöser?

Kernaussagen

• Eine mediterrane Ernährung reich an frischem Obst, Gemüse, Fisch und Olivenöl scheint sich günstig auszuwirken.

• Präbiotikahaltige Nahrung (Oligosaccharide) wirkte bei Säuglingen ohne atopische Familienanamnese protektiv gegenüber atopischem Ekzem. Die späte Einführung von Beikost nach dem 6. Lebensmonat zeigte keine Überlegenheit gegenüber der Einführung von Beikost zwischen dem 4. und 6. Lebensmonat.

• In den ersten 4 Lebensmonaten verringerte Hydrolysatnahrung (Beba HA, Nutramigen) das Ekzemrisiko bei allergiegefährdeten Kindern. Dieser Effekt dauert bis ins Schulalter an. Man konnte keinen Einfluss auf die allergische Atemwegserkrankung oder die Kuhmilchallergie feststellen.

• Die primäre Vermeidung von Hausstaubmilben-Allergenen beeinflusst die Entwicklung der Sensibilisierung gegenüber Hausstaubmilben nicht.

• Trotz kontroverser Datenlage ist die Felltierhaltung in Atopikerfamilien eher ein Risiko.

• Die Exposition gegenüber Tabakrauch erhöht das Risiko einer allergischen Sensibilisierung.

• Literatur

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