Einsatz von mentalem Training in der Neurorehabilitation

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Mittels Bewegungsvorstellung und -beobachtung werden große Teile des motorischen Systems stimuliert und aktiviert, insbesondere der motorische Assoziations- bzw. der prämotorische und parietale Kortex, die in der Bewegungsplanung der Ausführung anatomisch und funktionell hierarchisch vorgeschaltet erscheinen.

Ziel/Methode: Um herauszufinden, wie gut das Vorstellungsvermögen der Patienten ausgeprägt ist, wurden mithilfe von 4 Testkategorien (Tests, die die Lebhaftigkeit der Bewegungsvorstellung erfassen, chronometrische Tests, Tests, die implizit das räumliche Vorstellungsvermögen voraussetzen, und autonome Tests) genaue, individuelle Assessments durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse: Mentales Training kann vermutlich keine konventionelle Physio- oder Ergotherapie ersetzen. Sie ist eher eine komplementäre Methode, um die Trainingszeiten zu vermehren und gezielt den oberhalb der Exekutive befindlichen und dieser vorgeschalteten Teil zu beüben.

Schlussfolgerung: Es bleibt zu klären, welche Patienten von welcher Form des mentalen Trainings mehr profitieren.

Abstract

Background: Large parts of the motor system are stimulated and activated by using motor imagery and motor observation, in particular the motor association cortex, respectively the premotor and parietal cortex which in motor planning appear to anatomically and functionally precede motor performance.

Objective/Method: In order to find out to which degree the patients’ imagination is developed, accurate individual assessments were employed by means of 4 test categories (tests measuring motor imagery vividness, chronometric tests, tests that implicitly require spatial sense and autonomic tests).

Results: Presumably, mental practice cannot replace conventional physiotherapy or occupational therapy. It is rather a complementary method in order to increase exercise schedules and to specifically practice the part beyond and premotor to the executive.

Conclusion: It is still to be clarified which patients benefit to a larger extent from which form of mental practice.

Schlüsselwörter

mentales Training - Bewegungsvorstellung - Bewegungsbeobachtung - motorisches System

Key words

mental practice - motor imagery - motor observation - motor system

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