Zusammenfassung
Seit einigen Jahren findet in Deutschland eine Änderung der Indikationen für Notarzteinsätze
statt. Aus diesem Grund lässt sich die ursprüngliche Intention des organisierten Rettungswesens
in Deutschland, primär Verkehrsunfallpatienten zu versorgen, nicht mehr alleine aufrechterhalten.
Vielmehr werden überwiegend Patienten mit internistisch / neurologischen Krankheiten
notfallmedizinisch betreut. Die demografische Veränderung der Bevölkerungsstruktur
wird in Zukunft zu einer vermehrten notfallmedizinischen Inanspruchnahme durch ältere
und z. T. multimorbide Patienten führen. Durch den gesetzlichen Anspruch und den erfreulichen
Ausbau der ambulanten Palliativversorgung werden zunehmend Patienten mit inkurablen
Erkrankungen bis zum Lebensende in häuslicher Umgebung betreut (gemäß §§ 37b und 132d
SGB V). Aus diesem Grund werden auch Notärzte öfter mit Palliativpatienten und Patienten
am Lebensende konfrontiert (aktuell ca. 3 % aller Notarzteinsätze in Deutschland).
Im Folgenden sollen daher aus notfallmedizinischer Sicht die sog. „palliativen Notfälle“
(Definition: Notfallsituationen bei Patienten mit inkurablen Erkrankungen im palliativen
Krankheitsstadium), deren mögliche Besonderheiten sowie notfallmedizinische therapeutische
Entscheidungsfindungen dargestellt, erläutert und diskutiert werden.
Abstract
In Germany, the scope of different emergency situations for emergency medical services
has changed over the last years. The original intention of the German emergency medicine
system was to treat patients injured in traffic accidents. This has switched to a
care of patients with mostly medical and / or neurological problems. The demographic
change in the population has led to an increased number of elderly and multimorbidly
patients. Additionally the home-care of patients with incurable diseases is gaining
in importance. Since 2007 patients can demand a palliative-care support at home by
German law. These patients are likely to get in contact with prehospital emergency
physicians during their illness (3 % of all prehospital emergency physician patient
contacts are with palliative patients). In this article, the so-called „palliative
emergencies“ (defined as emergency situations in patients with an incurable disease
in a palliative stage) with their special features along with emergency treatment
will be explained and discussed.
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1 mod. Version der Erstpublikation in: Der Notarzt 2011; 27: 223–236
Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Christoph H. R. Wiese
Klinik für Anästhesiologie
Universitätsklinikum Regensburg
Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11
93053 Regensburg
eMail: christoph.wiese@klinik.uni-regensburg.de