Individualisierte Therapie des Mammakarzinoms

Zusammenfassung

Das Mammakarzinom ist die häufigste Tumorentität bei Frauen. Die klinische Forschung hat in den letzten Jahren zu einer immer differenzierteren Therapie sowohl in der adjuvanten als auch in der palliativen Situation beigetragen. Die medikamentöse Therapie des Mammakarzinoms wurde in den letzen Jahren durch Substanzen mit neuen Wirkprinzipien ergänzt, deren Einsatz und Wirksamkeit von den biologischen Eigenschaften des Tumors abhängt. Da sie auf die individuellen Tumorcharakteristika zugeschnitten sind, werden sie als „targeted agents“ oder „targeted therapy“ bezeichnet. Als Ziele gelten häufig Rezeptoren des Mammakarzinoms, Schlüsselproteine intrazellulärer Signaltransduktionswege, Tyrosinkinasen oder Zytokine. Auch bei der endokrinen Therapie haben sich praxisrelevante Änderungen ergeben. Mit Schwerpunkt auf der Therapie des metastasierten Mammakarzinoms wird eine Übersicht über die wichtigsten zielgerichteten Therapien gegeben, die sich in der klinischen Prüfung befinden oder bereits zugelassen wurden.

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most frequent tumor in women. Clinical research over the last few years has resulted in an increasing differentiation of treatment strategies in the adjuvant setting as well as in metastatic breast cancer. In recent years, the medical treatment of breast cancer was complemented by agents with new mechanisms of action that depend on biological properties of the tumor. As these agents target tumor specific characteristics they are called targeted agents or targeted therapy. Most frequently, different receptors, key proteins of intracellular pathways, thyrosinkinases, or cytokines serve as tumor targets. Even in endocrine treatment relevant changes of practical guidelines emerged. The most important targeted therapies are reviewed with special regard to metastatic breast cancer.

Schlüsselwörter

Mammakarzinom - zielgerichtete Therapie - endokrine Therapie - Chemotherapie - small molecules - monoklonale Antikörper

Key words

breast cancer - targeted therapy - endocrine therapy - chemotherapy - small molecules - monoclonal antibodies

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