Keratokonus: Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapiemöglichkeiten

Die Bezeichnung „Keratokonus“ leitet sich ab aus gr. κέρας: Horn und lat. conus: Kegel. Es handelt sich um eine nicht entzündliche Degeneration der Hornhaut, die sich in einer Verdünnung des Hornhautstromas mit konsekutivem „irregulärem Astigmatismus“ äußert. Der Keratokonus gehört mit einer Prävalenz von 55 : 100 000 zu den eher seltenen Augenerkrankungen.

Dieser Artikel fasst den aktuellen Stand der Epidemiologie, der Diagnostik und der Therapie des Keratokonus für den praktisch tätigen Augenarzt zusammen. Folgendes sind die Lernziele:

• Grundlagen der Epidemiologie und der Pathophysiologie des Keratokonus

• Diagnostik des frühen Keratokonus mit einfachen Mitteln in der Praxis

• Grundzüge der Anpassung von Kontaktlinsen bei Keratokonus

• aktuelle Therapieoptionen

• Beratung und Führung von Patienten mit Keratokonus

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