Ernährung von Tumorpatienten

Zusammenfassung

Bei Patienten mit aktiver Tumorerkrankung entwickelt sich sehr häufig eine Mangelernährung. Der Gewichtsverlust ist mit einer reduzierten Lebensqualität und Leistungsfähigkeit sowie mit einer eingeschränkten Toleranz für antitumorale Therapien assoziiert. Gastrointestinale Störungen, quälende Schmerzzustände, psychosoziale Belastungen sowie Änderungen des metabolischen Milieus mit einer oft nachweisbaren tumorassoziierten systemischen Inflammationsreaktion führen zu Appetitverlust, verminderter Nahrungs- und Energieaufnahme, Fatigue, reduzierter Mobilität und weiterem Muskel- und Gewichtsverlust. Zentrale Ziele einer Stoffwechsel- und Ernährungsbetreuung onkologischer Patienten sind eine differenzierte Erfassung der Problemsituation, die gezielte Behandlung aller Faktoren, die die Nahrungsaufnahme und -verwertung stören, die Sicherung des erforderlichen Energie- und Nährstoffbedarfs, ein begleitendes Muskeltraining sowie antiinflammatorische und antikatabole Behandlungsansätze.

Abstract

Malnutrition develops frequently in cancer patients. Weight loss in these patients is associated with impaired quality of life and physical performance and a reduced tolerance of anticancer treatments. Gastrointestinal defects, chronic pain, psycho-social tensions and tumor-associated inflammatory reactions, all contribute to appetite loss, reduced intake of nutrients and energy, fatigue, diminished mobility and further loss of weight and muscles. Major aims of the nutritional and metabolic care of oncologic patients are the following: the careful assessment of the relevant problems; the targeted treatment of all factors interfering with nutritional intake and utilization; ensuring the required supply of nutrients and energy; exercise training; as well as anti-inflammatory and anti-catabolic strategies.

Schlüsselwörter

Tumor - Ernährung - Mangelernährung - Kachexie - Inflammation - Muskel - Krebs

Keywords

tumor - cancer - nutrition - malnutrition - cachexia - inflammation - muscle

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