Zusammenfassung
Das hyperglykämisch-hyperosmolare Coma diabeticum (HHS) ist ein seltenes Ereignis in der Pädiatrie, das mit hoher Morbidität und Mortalität verknüpft ist. Es ist definiert als Trias aus Hyperglykämie, Hyperosmolarität und fehlender oder milder Azidose. Schwerwiegende Komplikationen sind Hirnödem und Rhabdomyolyse. Evidenzbasierte Therapieempfehlungen für das HHS im Kindesalter liegen nicht vor. Anhand einer Literaturübersicht soll das Vorgehen beim HHS diskutiert und ein Therapiekonzept vorgestellt werden. Therapeutisch steht bei Vorliegen eines HHS die Flüssigkeitstherapie und das langsame Absenken des oft drastisch erhöhten Blutzuckers im Vordergrund. Ein sorgfältiges Monitoring, in der Regel auf einer Intensivstation, zur Vermeidung von Komplikationen ist unbedingt erforderlich. Eine späte und niedrig dosierte Insulintherapie erscheint vorteilhaft.
Abstract
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma diabeticum (HHS) is a rare phenomenon in pediatric patients. It causes major morbidity and significant mortality. It is characterized by the trias of hyperglycemia, hyperosmolality and absent or mild metabolic acidosis. Major complications include cerebral edema and rhabdomyolysis. Evidence based guidelines for HHS in children are lacking. Based on a literature review we discuss treatment options in pediatric HHS und suggest a therapeutic concept. Appropriate treatment consists of adequate fluid administration and a cautious lowering of the serum glucose level. Patients should be treated on an intensive care unit and monitored closely to avoid complications. Low-dose and late insulin administration seems to be favourable.
Schlüsselwörter
hyperglykämisch-hyperosmolares Coma diabeticum - Hirmödem - Rhabdomyolyse - Therapiekonzept
Key words
hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar coma diabeticum - cerebral edema - rhabdomyolysis - therapeutic concept
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