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Transfusionsmedizin 2012; 2(1): 17-27
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1271598
Übersicht

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart ˙ New York

Mesenchymale Stromazellen und ihre klinische Anwendbarkeit

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Clinical ApplicationN. Fekete1 , M. Rojewski1 , G. Schmidtke-Schrezenmeier1 , H. Schrezenmeier1
  • 1Institut für Klinische Transfusionsmedizin und Immungenetik Ulm
    DRK Blutspendedienst Baden-Württemberg – Hessen und Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universität Ulm, Ulm
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Publikationsverlauf

Publikationsdatum:
17. Februar 2012 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Mesenchymale Stromazellen (MSC) sind fibroblastenähnliche Zellen, welche durch ihr Ver­halten in Zellkultur (Plastikadhärenz), ihr Expressionsmuster von Oberflächenantigenen sowie ihre zumindest trilineäre Differenzierungsfähigkeit (osteogen, chondrogen und adipozytär) definiert werden. Sie kommen beim Menschen in zahlreichen Geweben vor, und werden üblicherweise aus dem Knochenmark, dem Fettgewebe oder auch dem Nabelschnurblut isoliert und ex vivo expandiert. Dieser Weg über eine Ex-vivo-Expansionskultur ist notwendig, um eine ausreichende Anzahl an MSC, die als klinische Dosis zur Therapie benötigt wird, zu gewinnen. Für die möglichst kurz zu haltende Ex-vivo-Expansionsperiode sollten optimierte Kultursysteme und -protokolle sowie xenogenfreie Medien und Supplemente verwendet werden. Die immunmodulatorische Wirkung der MSC wurde bereits mehrfach erfolgreich in der Therapie der Transplantat-gegen-Wirt-Reaktion (GvHD) nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation nachgewiesen. Diese Erfahrungen veranlassten klinische Studien mit MSC bei anderen Erkrankungen mit einer Immunpathogenese, z. B. chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankungen. Auch für die ­regenerative Behandlung von Gewebedefekten gibt es vielversprechende Daten aus In-vitro-Systemen und Tiermodellen. Die klinische Anwendung von MSC in diesen Indikationen (z. B. bei Myo­kardinfarkt, Knorpel- oder Knochendefekten) wird aktuell in einer Vielzahl von Studien geprüft. In diesem Beitrag fassen wir Aspekte zur Charakterisierung von MSC und der Ex-vivo-Expansion zusammen und ­geben eine Übersicht über aktuell durchgeführte klinische Prüfungen mit MSC. 

Schlüsselwörter

mesenchymale Stammzellen - mesenchymale Stromazellen - MSC - Ex-vivo-Expansion - zellbasierte Immuntherapie - Geweberegeneration - regenerative Therapie - Immunmodulation - Osteogenese - klinische Studien

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Prof. Dr. med. H. Schrezenmeier

Institut für Klinische Transfusions­medizin und Immungenetik Ulm

Helmholtzstraße 10

89081 Ulm

eMail: h.schrezenmeier@blutspende.de