Zusammenfassung
Die Epiduralanästhesie führt zu einer deutlich überlegenen analgetischen Qualität,
im Sinne von Reduktion der Schmerzintensität, des Opioidbedarfes und opioidassoziierter
Nebenwirkungen. Darüber hinaus konnte auch eine Reduktion der Dauer des postoperativen
Ileus und eine Reduktion pulmonaler Komplikationen gezeigt werden, während der Einfluss
auf die kardiale Morbidität widersprüchlich ist. Der Effekt auf die Mortalität und
auf das Langzeitoutcome nach Tumoroperationen ist weiterhin Gegenstand intensiver
Studien. Es erscheint angebracht, die positiven Effekte der Epiduralanästhesie im
Rahmen multimodaler Therapiekonzepte intensiv auszunutzen um dann durch intensive
Physiotherapie und Mobilisierung, frühe enterale Ernährung etc. eine Optimierung des
Outcomes der Patienten zu erreichen.
Abstract
Epidural anaesthesia results in a significant reduction of postoperative pain, opioid
requirement and opioid related side effects. Additionally a reduction of duration
of postoperative ileus and pulmonary complication has been shown, but influence on
cardiac morbidity remains contradictory. Effects on mortality and long term outcome
after tumor surgery is still a topic of intensive research. Positive effects of epidural
anaesthesia should be intensively used in terms of intensive physiotherapy and postoperative
mobilisation as well as early enteral nutrition to further improve outcome of the
patients.
Schlüsselwörter:
thorakale Epiduralanästhesie - Schmerztherapie - Organprotektion - Langzeitoutcome
Key words:
thoracic epidural anaesthesia - pain therapy - organ protection - long term outcome
Kernaussagen
-
Die Regionalanästhesie ist in Bezug auf die Reduktion der postoperativen Schmerzintensität,
des zusätzlichen Opioidverbrauchs und opioidassoziierter Nebenwirkungen anderen Verfahren
deutlich überlegen.
-
Einige Studien können eine Reduktion der kardiovaskulären Morbidität durch die Anwendung
insbesondere der thorakalen Epiduralanästhesie zeigen.
-
Die Effekte im Bereich der Kardiochirurgie sind widersprüchlich.
-
Die thorakale Epiduralanästhesie führt zu einer Reduktion pulmonaler Komplikationen.
-
Die Dauer des postoperativen Ileus kann durch eine thorakale Epiduralanästhesie verkürzt
werden.
-
Verschiedene Studien deuten auf eine Reduktion der Mortalität durch die Anwendung
einer Regionalanästhesie hin. Aufgrund methodischer Probleme ist diese Fragestellung
jedoch nicht endgültig geklärt.
-
In Bezug auf das postoperative kognitive Defizit konnte kein Unterscheid zwischen
Regionalanästhesie und Allgemeinanästhesie festgestellt werden.
-
Erste tierexperimentelle und retrospektive klinische Studien deuten auf eine mögliche
Verbesserung des Langzeitoutcomes durch Regionalanästhesie nach Tumoroperationen hin.
-
Die positiven Effekte der Epiduralanästhesie sollten im Sinne einer multimodalen Therapie
zur Optimierung des postoperativen Outcomes intensiv genutzt werden
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PD Dr. André Gottschalk
eMail: gottschalk.andre@gmx.de