Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the influence of ethnicity, gender, socio-demographic and
disease-related parameters on the degree of perceived pain and the number of reported
pain regions. Design: The data were collected at three large gynecological/internal medicine emergency
departments (ED) in the inner city of West Berlin, Germany. The comparative study
focused on native German ED-patients and immigrants from Turkey and other countries.
The patients completed 30-minute standardized face-to-face interviews. A verbal rating
scale and a diagram of the human body were used to indicate the degree of pain and
to localize the pain regions. Results: The random sample for analysis included 473 patients: 311 women and 161 men. Logistic
regression analysis showed significant ethnic differences in the number of reported
pain locations and the perceived severity of pain. Gender does significantly influence
the reasons for visiting the ED, but neither had an impact on the number of reported
pain locations nor on the perceived severity of pain. Focusing on gender-related aspects
of the whole patient sample gender did not affect pain reporting patterns. The analysis
revealed two additional factors: the presence of a chronic disease (OR = 1.73) and
perceived pain-related impairment (OR = 1.11). Conclusions: The fact that both pain perception and pain expression and its evaluation by others
are conditioned by socio-cultural factors makes it necessary to re-appraise the concept
of pain and requires a critical assessment of what constitutes the “norm”.
Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Welchen Einfluss haben sozio-demografische Faktoren, insbesondere Ethnizität und
Geschlecht, auf den Grad der Schmerzen und die Zahl der von den Patient/inn/en angegebenen
Schmerzregionen? Methodik: In einer prospektiven Querschnittsstudie (BMF, FKZ 01GL0009) wurden in 3 großen internistisch/gynäkologischen
Kliniknotfallambulanzen in Berlin durch ca. 30-minütige standardisierte Patienteninterviews
(72 Fragen) u. a. Geschlecht, Alter, Schulbildung, Ethnizität, Migrationsaspekte,
Schmerzstärke, ‐regionen (Einzeichnen in Körperskizze), ‐dauer, Behandlungsdringlichkeit,
psychische Belastung erfasst. Zielgruppen waren einheimische deutsche Patienten vs.
türkeistämmmige sowie Migranten anderer Herkunft. Ergebnisse: Innerhalb der Zufallsstichprobe konnten 473 befragte Patienten in die Auswertung
einbezogen werden, davon 311 Frauen und 161 Männer. Die logistische Regressionsanalyse
zeigt, dass einheimische deutsche Patient/inn/en signifikant seltener 5 oder mehr
Schmerzregionen angeben als Patient/inn/en anderer Ethnizität. Neben der Ethnizität
hatte das Vorhandensein einer chronischen Krankheit (OR = 1,73) und die wahrgenommene
schmerzbedingte Beeinträchtigung (OR = 1,11) einen signifikanten Einfluss. Das Geschlecht
beeinflusste den Grund der Inanspruchnahme der Notfallambulanz, hatte aber weder einen
Einfluss auf die angegebene Schmerzstärke noch die berichtete Zahl der Schmerzregionen.
Schlussfolgerung: Sowohl Schmerzdeutung, ‐ausdruck als auch deren Evaluation durch andere sind soziokulturell
bedingt. Eine kritische Abschätzung des Konzepts von Schmerzen, insbesondere auf der
Basis dessen, was die „Norm“ darstellt, ist in der Praxis immer wieder notwendig.
Key words
pain - emergency service (MeSH) - utilization - immigration - ethnicity - gender
Schlüsselwörter
Schmerz - Notfallambulanz - Inanspruchnahme - Migration - Ethnizität - Geschlecht
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Prof. Dr. med. Matthias David
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Virchow-Klinikum Klinik für Frauenheilkunde
Augustenburger Platz 1
13353 Berlin
Email: matthias.david@charite.de