Aktuelles zur MS-Therapie: Orale Therapeutika

Zusammenfassung

In den letzten Jahren wurden große Anstrengungen unternommen, um Tabletten für die MS-Therapie zu entwickeln. Bis jetzt zielen all diese Behandlungsstrategien auf Mechanismen der fehlgesteuerten Immunantwort bei der MS ab, die die Aktivierung und Expansion von T-Lymphozyten mit anschließendem Durchdringen der Blut-Hirn-Schranke betreffen. Auch andere Immunzellen wie die B-Lymphozyten werden durch diese Medikamente in ihrer Aktivität moduliert. Einige dieser oralen Therapeutika haben das Potenzial zur sog. Neuroprotektion, indem sie antioxidative Pfade in Neuronen und Gliazellen hochregulieren oder Vorläuferzellen von Oligodendrozyten stimulieren. In dieser Übersicht werden die momentan verfügbaren Daten über die erste Generation von Tabletten gegen MS, nämlich Cladribin und FTY720, diskutiert, ebenso wie wahrscheinlich zukünftig verfügbare Medikamente in Form der Fumarate, des Laquinimods und des Teriflunomids.

Abstract

Over the past few years much effort has been expended to develop tablets for MS therapy. Up to now all these treatment strategies have targetted the misdirected immune response in MS patients that concern the activation and expansion of T lymphocytes and their subsequent penetration through the blood-brain barrier. The activities of other immune cells such as B lymphocytes are also modulated by these drugs. Some of these oral theraopeutic agents have the potential for so-called neuroprotection since they up-regulated antioxidative paths in neurons and glial cells or stimulate precursor cells of oligodendrocytes. In the present review we discuss the currently available data about the first generation of tablets for MS therapy, namely cladribin and FTY720 as well as data on drugs such as the fumarates of laquinimod and teriflunomid that will probably be introduced in the near future.

Schlüsselwörter

MS - orale Medikamente - Therapie - Laquinimod - Fumarsäure

Keywords

multiple sclerosis - oral therapy - therapy - laquinimod - fumaric acid

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