Adipose Stem Cells for Soft Tissue Regeneration

Abstract

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) can be isolated from human adipose tissue with the exceptional potential for differentiation into mature adipocytes. Utilization of this system is very promising in developing improved techniques to repair soft tissue defects. Current reconstructive procedures, especially after trauma and oncological surgery, transfer autologous soft tissue grafts having limitations. However, ASCs offer the ability to either generate soft tissue with no donor-site morbidity (with the exception of a minor loss of adipose tissue) or enhance the viability and durability of other grafts. This review will discuss the relevant properties of human adult adipose-derived stem cells for the regeneration of adipose tissue. Discussion will focus on the biology of ASCs, cell delivery vehicles/scaffolds useful in applying ASCs as a therapy, and suitable in vivo animal models for studying adipose tissue engineering. Also included is a description of the current clinical studies with ASCs in Europe and Asia.

Zusammenfassung

Es ist möglich, Stammzellen aus dem Fettgewebe (Adipose-Derived Stem cells, ASC), die sich in reife Adipozyten entwickeln können, aus dem Fettgewebe zu isolieren. Die Nutzung dieses Stammzell-Systems bietet neue Chancen im Hinblick auf regenerative Ansätze bei der Behandlung von Weichteildefekten. Die derzeitigen rekonstruktiven Möglichkeiten durch autologe Weichteiltransplantate nach Trauma oder Tumorresektion sind begrenzt. Stammzellen aus dem Fettgewebe ermöglichen einerseits die Wiederherstellung von Weichgeweben mit sehr geringem Hebedefekt und können andererseits die Überlebensrate bei anderen Transplantaten verbessern. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die wesentlichen Eigenschaften von humanen Stammzellen aus dem Fettgewebe zur Regeneration von Fettgewebe zusammen. Die Biologie von ASCs, mögliche Transportvehikel und Matrizes zur therapeutischen Plazierung und geeignete in vivo Tiermodelle zum Tissue Engineering von Fettgewebe sowie aktuelle klinische Studien in Europa und Asien werden diskutiert.

Key words

tissue engineering - angiogenesis - liposuction - adipose tissue - adipose-derived stem cells

Schlüsselwörter

Tissue Engineering - Angiogenese - Liposuction - Fettgewebe - Stammzellen aus Fettgewebe

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Correspondence