Zusammenfassung
Das Nierenzellkarzinom ist chemoresistent und strahlenresistent, damit bleibt als
einzige potenziell kurative Therapieoption die chirurgische Exzision des Tumors entweder
als radikale Tumornephrektomie oder als organerhaltende Tumorexzision. Dank der verbesserten
radiologischen Bildgebung werden heutzutage bis zu 75 % der Nierentumoren inzidentell
im asymptomatischen Stadium entdeckt. Die 10-Jahres-tumorspezifischen Überlebensraten
liegen für organbegrenzte Tumoren (T1, T2) nach R0-Exzision über 90 %. Auch lokal
fortgeschrittene Tumoren (T3) können mit 5-Jahres-tumorspezifischen Überlebensraten
> 65 % behandelt werden. Im Falle von Nierentumoren in einer Einzelniere oder synchron
in beiden Nieren sind gute funktionelle und onkologische Langzeitergebnisse durch
einen organerhaltenden Eingriff (imperative Indikation) erreichbar. Tumoren in T1a-Stadien
(Tumorgröße < 4 cm) lassen sich meist organerhaltend exzidieren, auch wenn eine gesunde
Gegenniere existiert (elektive Indikation), da der organerhaltende Eingriff langfristig
die Nierenfunktion sichert. Minimalinvasive Verfahren bieten die Möglichkeit, auch
multimorbide Patienten operativ zu kurieren. Welches operative Verfahren letztendlich
angewandt wird, ist zum einen abhängig von Größe und Lokalisation des Tumors und zum
anderen von Indikationsstellung (elektiv oder imperativ), Alter und Allgemeinzustand
des Patienten und Präferenz des Operateurs.
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is chemoresistent and radio-therapy so that surgical tumour excision
of the tumor is the only potentially curative option, either as radical nephrectomy
or as nephron sparing surgery. As a result of continuously improving radiological
imaging modalities, renal tumours are nowadays detected incidentally at an asymptomatic
stage in up to 75 %. The ten-year cancer-specific survival for organ-confined disease
(T1, T2) after R0-excision is > 90 %. Moreover, locally extending renal tumours (T3)
can be treated successfully with five-year survival rates of > 65 %. In case of tumours
in a single kidney or synchronous bilateral tumours, good functional and oncological
long-term results can be achieved by nephron sparing surgery (imperative indication).
T1 renal cell cancer (tumour size < 7 cm ) should be treated by nephron sparing surgery,
even if the contralateral kidney is normal, because since this nephron-sparing approach
ensures maximal renal reserve in the long term follow up. Minimally invasive techniques
offer treatment also for multi-morbide patients. Which approach is to be selected
depends on size and location of the tumour as well as on indication (elective or imperative),
age and general health of the patient and the surgeon’s preference.
Schlüsselwörter
Nierenzellkarzinom - operative Therapie - organerhaltende Nierentumorchirurgie - minimalinvasive
Therapie - onkologisches und funktionelles Outcome
Key words
renal cell carcinoma - surgical treatment - nephron-sparing surgery - minimal-invasive
therapy - oncological and functional outcome
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, DOI: 10.1007/s00761-009-1757-2
Dr. med. F. C. Roos
Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie · Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
Mainz
Langenbeckstraße 1
55101 Mainz
Phone: 0 61 31 / 17 71 83
Fax: 0 61 31 / 17 64 15
Email: frederik.roos@gmx.de