Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Remission bei schizophrenen Erkrankungen bezeichnet die Abnahme der Symptomatik über
einen Zeitraum von mindestens 6 Monaten. Demgegenüber beinhaltet der Begriff Recovery
neben dem längerfristigen Rückgang der Symptomatik auch Kriterien, die eine gute psychosoziale
Funktionsfähigkeit und Lebensqualität gewährleisten. In der vorliegenden naturalistischen
Studie werden diese Funktionsbereiche, ihre Zusammenhänge und ihre Zusammenführung
– Recovery – hinsichtlich des Verlaufs über einen Zeitraum von 2 Jahren untersucht.
Methodik: In die Analyse einbezogen wurden 77 Patienten. Die Remissionskriterien für die einzelnen
Bereiche basieren auf der BPRS (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Symptomatische Remission),
GAF (Global Assessment of Functioning, Funktionelle Remission) und dem SWN-K (Subjektives
Wohlbefinden unter Neuroleptika, Remission der Lebensqualität). Als „recovered” wurde
ein Patient bezeichnet, der in allen 3 Bereichen zu allen Untersuchungszeitpunkten
bei Entlassung, 1- und 2-Jahreskatamnese remittiert war. Ergebnisse: Fasst man alle 3 Untersuchungszeitpunkte zusammen, so traten symptomatische und funktionelle
Remission mit knapp 10 % nur sehr selten auf. Ungefähr ein Drittel der Patienten wies
demgegenüber eine stabile Remission der Lebensqualität auf. Dabei korreliert die Lebensqualität
nur außerordentlich gering mit symptomatischer und funktioneller Remission. Kein Patient
erfüllte die Kriterien für Recovery. Schlussfolgerung: Symptomatische und funktionelle Remission sowie Recovery traten in der vorliegenden
Stichprobe im Vergleich zu vorangegangenen Studien außerordentlich selten auf. Dieser
Unterschied ist unseres Erachtens auf die breite naturalistische Erfassung stationärer
schizophrener Patienten zurückzuführen, während frühere Berichte stark selektierte
Patientengruppen untersuchten. Die Ergebnisse zur Lebensqualität deuten jedoch darauf
hin, dass schizophrene Patienten trotz symptomatischer und funktioneller Einschränkungen
häufig in der Lage sind, ein weitestgehend zufriedenes Leben zu führen.
Abstract
Introduction: Remission in schizophrenia is defined as a period of at least 6 months in which symptom
reduction occurs. In comparison, the term recovery is defined to include not only
long-term symptomatic improvement but also good psychosocial functioning and improved
quality of life. The aim of this naturalistic study is to prospectively investigate
all these variables and their interrelationship in a sample of subjects with schizophrenia
over a period of two years. Methods: Seventy-seven subjects were included into the analysis. Criteria of remission for
each domain were assessed using the BPRS (brief psychiatric rating scale, symptomatic
remission), GAF (global assessment of functioning, functional remission) and the SWN-K
(subjective well-being under neuroleptics, remission of subjective well-being). Subjects
were considered to have ”recovered” if they remitted in all three domains at discharge
(t0), one (t1) and two-year (t2) follow-up assessments. Results: Symptomatic and functional remissions were rare and occurred only in 10 % of the
subjects at t0, t1 and t2. Approximately one-third of the individuals had remission
with a stable quality of life. Correlations between quality of life and functional
and symptomatic remissions were weak. None of the subjects met the criteria for recovery.
Conclusion: Compared to previous studies, the rates of remission and recovery in the current
sample were quite low. The contrasting results may be due to the naturalistic characteristics
of this sample of initially inpatient subjects while previous studies investigated
selected samples of schizophrenic individuals. However, despite their functional and
symptomatic impairments, the results also indicate that the schizophrenic subjects
have a largely satisfying quality of life.
Schlüsselwörter
Schizophrenie - Remission - Recovery - Katamnese - Lebensqualität
Keywords
schizophrenia - remission - recovery - follow-up - quality of life
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Dipl.-Psych. Arne Wolter
Ev. Krankenhaus Bethanien, Johanna-Odebrecht-Stiftung
Gützkower Landstr. 69
17489 Greifswald
Email: arne_wolter@hotmail.com