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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245235
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Inzidenz von Kinderkrebs nach Röntgendiagnostik im Patientenkollektiv der Jahre 1976 – 2003 einer Universitäts-Kinderklinik
Cancer Incidence Rate after Diagnostic X-Ray Exposure in 1976 – 2003 among Patients of a University Children’s HospitalPublication History
eingereicht: 5.10.2009
angenommen: 20.1.2010
Publication Date:
16 March 2010 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Zur Frage der Risiken niedriger Dosen ionisierender Strahlung bei Kindern liegen weltweit nur wenige aussagekräftige Studien vor. In einer epidemiologischen Kohortenstudie wurde die Krebsinzidenz unter 92 957 Kindern analysiert, die im Zeitraum 1976 – 2003 in einer großen Universitätsklinik radiologisch untersucht worden waren. Material und Methode: Individuelle Strahlendosen wurden anhand des Dosisflächenprodukts, anderer Bestrahlungsparameter und eigens für die verwendeten Geräte und Protokolle ermittelter Konversionsfaktoren berechnet. Inzidente Krebsfälle aus dem Zeitraum 1980 – 2006 wurden mittels eines pseudonymisierten Abgleichs mit dem deutschen Kinderkrebsregister identifiziert. Ergebnisse: Die mediane kumulative individuelle effektive Strahlendosis lag bei 7 µSv. 87 inzidente Krebsfälle wurden beobachtet, darunter 33 Leukämien, 13 Lymphome, 10 Tumoren des Zentralnervensystems und 31 andere Tumoren. Die standardisierte Inzidenz-Ratio (SIR) betrug für Krebs insgesamt 0,99 (95 % KI: 0,79 – 1,22). Eine Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung wurde weder für Krebs insgesamt, noch für Leukämien oder solide Tumoren beobachtet. Die Risiken von Mädchen und Jungen unterschieden sich nicht. Schlussfolgerungen: Im untersuchten Patientenkollektiv wurde kein erhöhtes Krebsrisiko durch eine diagnostische Strahlenbelastung (bei insgesamt sehr niedrigen Strahlendosen) festgestellt. Die Ergebnisse sind jedoch mit einer großen Bandbreite von Risikoschätzungen kompatibel.
Abstract
Purpose: Although the carcinogenic effect of ionizing radiation is well known, knowledge gaps persist on the health effects of low-dose radiation, especially in children. The cancer incidence rate in a cohort of 92,957 children diagnosed using X-rays in the years 1976 – 2003 in the radiology department of a large university clinic was studied. Materials and Methods: Individual radiation doses per examination were reconstructed using an algorithm taking into account the dose area product and other exposure parameters together with conversion factors computed specifically for the equipment and protocols used in the radiology department. Incident cancer cases in the period 1980 – 2006 were identified via record linkage to the German Childhood Cancer Registry using pseudonymized data. Results: A total of 87 cancers occurred in the cohort between 1980 and 2006: 33 leukemia, 13 lymphoma, 10 brain tumors, and 31 other tumors. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for all cancers was 0.99 (95 % CI: 0.79 1.22). A dose-response relationship was not observed for all cancers, leukemia and lymphoma or solid tumors. The cancer risks for boys and girls did not differ. Conclusion: No increase in the cancer incidence risk in relation to very low doses of diagnostic ionizing radiation was observed in this study. However, the results are compatible with a broad range of risk estimates.
Key words
epidemiology - radiography - radiation safety - children, injuries
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Dr. Gaël P. Hammer
Institut für Medizinische Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informatik (IMBEI), Universitätsmedizin
der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität
Obere Zahlbacher Str. 69
55121 Mainz
Phone: ++ 49/61 31/17 31 22
Fax: ++ 49/61 31/17 29 68
Email: hammer@imbei.uni-mainz.de