Pearls: Multiple Sclerosis

ABSTRACT

Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects more than 500,000 Americans, and it is commonly on the differential diagnosis associated with patient referrals to neurology offices. Diagnostically, there are several nuances to the established criteria. Understanding the usefulness of various tests and the potential diagnoses that can cause false-positives is critical when evaluating patients for possible MS. Furthermore, recognizing various possible mimics in given situations will help practitioners avoid unnecessary treatment of patients. Once diagnosed, MS patients have a multitude of possible symptoms that they can experience, and rely on their neurologists to have an understanding of the potential interventions. Finally, there are various therapies currently available for disease modification. Developing a reasonable treatment algorithm that can be applied to patients is important when presenting patients with the various options. This article summarizes some of the pearls and pitfalls associated with the evaluation and management of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

KEYWORDS

Exacerbation - pinhole visual acuity - relative afferent pupillary defect - adduction lag - Uhthoff’s phenomenon - postvoid residual - circumduction

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