Neglekt

Zusammenfassung

Neglekt ist eine im klinischen Alltag relevante Störung der räumlichen Wahrnehmung, welche die sensomotorische Beeinträchtigung von Patienten mit Hirnläsionen potenziert und die Rehabilitation erheblich erschwert. Als kognitiv umschriebene Störung gewährt Neglekt aber tiefe Einsichten in die Funktionsweise des gesunden Gehirns. Die Anwendung der funktionellen Magnetresonanztomografie (fMRT) ermöglicht im Vergleich zu Läsionsstudien, die den Ort der strukturellen Hirnschädigung mit Neglektsymptomen in Beziehung setzen, eine Untersuchung der neuronalen Pathomechanismen, die indirekt durch die Läsion in strukturell intakten Hirnarealen hervorgerufen werden. Zudem können kortikale Reorganisationsprozesse im Zuge der Funktionserholung und rehabilitativer Maßnahmen abgebildet werden. Trotz eines zunehmenden Verständnisses einzelner Neglekt-assoziierter Prozesse ist es bisher jedoch nicht gelungen, entscheidende Aspekte des Syndroms umfassend zu erklären.

Abstract

Neglect is a clinically relevant deficit of spatial awareness which potentiates sensory and motor dysfunction and complicates the rehabilitation of patients with brain lesions. As a cognitively well defined disorder, neglect allows deep insights into the functioning of the human brain. When compared to lesion studies which associate structural brain damage with neglect symptoms, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows for the investigation of cortical dysfunction in structurally intact areas which are indirectly affected by the lesions. Moreover, cortical reorganisation during functional recovery and rehabilitation can be monitored. In spite of an increasing knowledge of specific neglect-associated processes and deficits, the main aspects of this syndrome have not yet been thoroughly clarified.

Schlüsselwörter

Neglekt - fMRT - Aufmerksamkeit - Schlaganfall - Funktionserholung

Key words

neglect - fMRI - attention - stroke - recovery of function

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