Der Diabetes mellitus ist einer generalisierten Gefäß- und kardiovaskulären Erkrankung gleichgestellt und geht mit einer stark erhöhten kardiovaskulären Morbidität und Mortalität einher. Treten weitere Risikofaktoren, insbesondere ein arterieller Hypertonus hinzu, sinkt die Prognose des Patienten rapide. Da beide Erkrankungen zu einem großen Teil durch den Lebensstil des Betroffenen bedingt sind, sollte der Hausarzt das Risiko des Patienten anhand von etablierten Scores möglichst frühzeitig evaluieren und gegebenenfalls eine umfassende Lebensstilberatung anbieten. Besteht ein manifester Diabetes mellitus, ist einmal pro Jahr eine weiterführende kardiologische Diagnostik indiziert. Andererseits sollte bei kardiovaskulär vorgeschädigten Patienten einmal jährlich ein Diabetes mellitus sowie seine Vorstufen durch einen oralen Glukosetoleranztest ausgeschlossen werden. Ein bestehender arterieller Hypertonus bedarf einer strikten, risikoadaptierten medikamentösen Therapie, wobei die Zielwerte für Diabetiker unter Werten von 130/80 mmHg liegen. Aus prognostischer Sicht sind dabei ACE-Hemmer bzw. Angiotensinrezeptorblocker zu bevorzugen. Kalziumantagonisten vom Dihydropyridintyp eignen sich ebenso wie Nicht-Thiaziddiuretika gut als Kombinationspartner.
Diabetes mellitus is on an equal level with a generalized vascular and cardiovascular disease and is associated with greatly increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Patient prognosis worsens rapidly if there are additional risk factors, especially if there is also an arterial hypertension. Since both of these diseases mainly depend on the individual's life habits, the general practitioner should evaluate this factor as early as possible as revealed by available scores and if necessary offer a comprehensive consultation regarding a more useful lifestyle. If diabetes mellitus is an established fact, it is advisable to initiate a comprehensive annual cardiologic check-up. On the other hand, cardiovascular impaired patients should undergo an annual oral glucose tolerance test to exclude both diabetes mellitus and its preliminary stages while offering maximum comprehensive advice on the style and habits of life. In case arterial hypertension is established, the patient must be subjected to a rigid risk-adapted medical therapy, the target values for diabetics being below 130/80 mmHg. From a prognostic point of view, ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers are preferable. Suitable combination partners are calcium channel blockers of the dihydropyridine type as well as thiazide diuretics.
Key words
diabetes mellitus - cardiovascular risk - arterial hypertension - risk evaluation - risk-adapted therapy
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1 FINnish Diabetes RISK
2 PROspective CArdivascular Münster
3 Appropriate Blood pressure Control in Diabetes
4 Action in Diabetes and Vascular disease: PreterAx and DiamicroN-MR Controlled Evaluation
5 Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction
6 Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan
7 Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure
8 Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study
Korrespondenz
Dr. med. Klaus Schlotthauer
Fachbereich Kardiologie Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik
Aukammallee 33
65191 Wiesbaden
Email: schlotthauer.kardio@dkd-wiesbaden.de