Auswirkungen einer 3-monatigen Krafttrainingsintervention auf die kognitiven Fähigkeiten von Mammakarzinompatientinnen während der Chemotherapie

Zusammenfassung

Brustkrebspatientinnen erleiden durch die Erkrankung und aggressive medizinische Therapie weit reichende physische und psychische Einschränkungen. Vermehrt rücken auch die kognitiven Fähigkeiten in den wissenschaftlichen Fokus, unter deren Einschränkung viele Betroffene während und nach der Behandlung leiden, das so genannte „Chemobrain”. Bisherige Studien mit Demenzkranken zeigten deutliche Verbesserungen in der Kognition durch bewegungstherapeutische Interventionen. Ziel dieser vorliegenden prospektiven und kontrollierten Studie ist die Überprüfung der Effekte eines strukturierten Krafttrainingsprogramms auf die kognitiven Fähigkeiten von Mammakarzinompatientinnen während der Chemotherapie. Dazu involvierten die Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, das Deutsche Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg und das Brustzentrum der Universitätsklinik Köln 6 Wochen post-OP 20 Probandinnen, 12 in die Interventions- (IG) und 8 in die Kontrollgruppe (KG), in die Studie. Das Training wird als Krafttraining mit 55 % der Maximalkraft, 8 bis 12 Wiederholungen und 3 Serien durchgeführt. Der Interventionszeitraum wird auf 12 Wochen festgelegt. Die Erfassung der kognitiven Fähigkeiten erfolgte unmittelbar vor und nach dem Trainingsprogramm mittels Memo-Gedächtnistest, d2-Aufmerksamkeits-Belastungstest und Wilde-Intelligenz-Subtest. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die IG bei zwei der drei Kognitionstests signifikante Verbesserungen (bis zu 21 %) in der geistigen Leistung hatte. Im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe konnten zudem signifikant bessere Ergebnisse nachgewiesen werden (bis zu 143 %). Die Mechanismen sind weiterhin unklar, doch es werden hormonelle, zerebrale und psychische Zusammenhänge vermutet, die durch die Aktivität möglicherweise positiv beeinflusst werden und damit die kognitiven Fähigkeiten verbessern. Weitere Untersuchungen müssen folgen, da die Aussagekraft aufgrund der geringen Probandenzahl eingeschränkt ist.

Abstract

Effects of a 3-month resistance training intervention on the cognitive abilities of breast cancer patients during chemotherapy

Breast cancer patients suffer from far-reaching physical and psychological restrictions due to the illness and aggressive medical therapy. The sciences are increasingly focusing on the cognitive abilities, which are also often restricted. Many patients suffer from the so-called „Chemobrain” during and after the treatment. Previous studies with dementia patients showed clear cognitive improvements after therapeutic exercise interventions. The aim of this present prospective and controlled study is to examine the effects of a structured, classical resistance training program on the cognitive abilities of breast cancer patients during chemotherapy. The German Sport University Cologne, the German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg and the Breast Center of the University Clinic Cologne included 12 patients in the intervention (IG) and 8 in the control group (KG), 6 weeks post-operative. The performed training was a resistance training, which included 3 series of 8 to 12 repetitions with an intensity of 55 % of the maximum force. The defined intervention period was 12 weeks. The assessment of the cognitive abilities (n = 12) took place directly before and after the training program, using the note memory test, d2-Aufmerksamkeits-Belastungstest and savage intelligence subtest. For the first time, the results showed that the intervention group significantly improved mental effort in two of the three cognition tests (till 21 %). Also, in comparison to the control group the results were significantly better (till 143 %). The mechanisms are further unclear. However, hormonal, cerebral and psychological connections are discussed, which may be positively influenced by the activity and therefore improve the cognitive abilities. Further investigations must follow, since the validity of this study is limited due to the small sample size.

Schlüsselwörter

Brustkrebs - Kognition - Krafttraining - Gedächtnis - körperliche Aktivität

Keywords

Breast cancer - cognition - resistance training - brain - physical activity

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