Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Das spontane intraspinale Empyem bleibt ein seltenes Problem in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie.
Mit dieser Studie möchten wir die Ergebnisse nach Operation von 23 Patienten untersuchen.
Methoden: Es handelt sich um eine retrospektive Studie über 23 Patienten mit spontanen intraspinalen
Empyemen. Die Daten wurden anhand der vorliegenden Krankenakten bezüglich klinischer,
radiologischer und mikrobiologischer Befunde erhoben. Ergebnisse: 18 Patienten litten unter neurologischen Ausfällen verschiedener Schweregrade, von
einem umschriebenen sensiblen Defizit bis hin zur Paraplegie (n = 3). Die Operation
erfolgte als interlaminäre Fensterung entweder in 1 (n = 13), 2 (n = 8) oder 3 (n = 2)
Höhen mit Anlage eines intraspinalen Katheters zur Drainage und Spülung. Staphylococcus aureus war der häufigste Erreger. Nach einem Follow-up von 7 Monaten war 1 Patient an septischen
Komplikationen verstorben. Die neurologischen Defizite besserten sich bei 14 Patienten,
aber in 3 Fällen blieben die Patienten im Alltag auf umfassende Hilfe angewiesen.
Schlussfolgerung: Auch weiterhin ist das intraspinale Empyem eine Herausforderung. Bleibende neurologische
Defizite und letale Komplikationen machen es zu einem ernst zu nehmenden Problem.
Die Behandlung umfasst die rasche chirurgische Sanierung, gefolgt von der gezielten
antibiotischen Therapie.
Abstract
Objective: Intraspinal empyema is a rare entity in spinal surgery. This study analyses the results
after operating in 23 patients. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 23 patients suffering from intraspinal empyema treated
operatively in our department. The data were obtained by analysing the patient documents
including the radiological and microbiological data. Results: 18 patients suffered from different neurological deficits ranging from isolated mild
hypaesthesia to paraplegia (n = 3). The operation was done as a one-level (n = 13),
two-level (n = 8) or three-level (n = 2) microsurgical fenestration followed by irrigation
and drainage of the pus. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent triggering organism. After a follow-up of 7 months 1 patient
had died because of septic complications. Neurological deficits improved in 14 patients
but 3 patients were still disabled in their daily life. Conclusion: Epidural spinal empyema remains a challenge in spine surgery. Persistent neurological
deficits and lethal complications make it a severe problem. Management comprises urgent
surgical evacuation of the pus followed by targeted antibiotic therapy.
Schlüsselwörter
Antibiotikatherapie - Laminektomie - intraspinales Empyem -
Staphylococcus aureus
Key words
antibiotic therapy - laminectomy - intraspinal empyema -
Staphylococcus aureus
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Dr. Jan Walter
Klinik für Neurochirurgie
Universitätsklinikum der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Erlanger Allee 101
07747 Jena
Phone: 0 36 41/9 32 30 11
Fax: 0 36 41/9 32 30 12
Email: jan.walter@med.uni-jena.de