Zusammenfassung
Die Prognose von Patienten mit Morbus Crohn wurde durch die Einführung von monoklonalen
Antikörpern gegen TNF-alpha, einem Schlüsselmediator in der Pathogenese der Erkrankung,
deutlich verbessert. Mit Adalimumab steht der erste vollständig humane, monokonale
TNF-alpha-Antikörper, der mittels Pen vom Patienten selbst subkutan verabreicht werden
kann, zur Behandlung des Morbus Crohn zur Verfügung. Adalimumab ist zugelassen zur
Behandlung eines schwergradigen, aktiven Morbus Crohn bei Patienten, die trotz einer
vollständigen und adäquaten Therapie mit einem Glukokortikoid und/oder Immunsuppressivum
nicht ausreichend angesprochen und/oder eine Unverträglichkeit gegen eine solche Therapie
haben oder bei denen eine solche Therapie kontraindiziert ist. Die Zulassungsstudien
dokumentieren eine rasche klinische Wirksamkeit von Adalimumab innerhalb von wenigen
Tagen sowohl bei anti-TNF-alpha-naiven als auch vorbehandelten Patienten. Darüber
hinaus ist auch die Langzeitwirksamkeit von Adalimumab bei Morbus Crohn bis zu 3 Jahren
belegt. Hospitalisierungen traten unter der Behandlung mit Adalimumab im Vergleich
zu Placebo signifikant weniger häufig auf. Die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität
der Patienten verbessert sich signifikant unter einer Erhaltungstherapie von Adalimumab
jede 2. Woche. Adalimumab verfügt über eine Therapiesicherheit, die anderen TNF-alpha-Inhibitoren
ähnlich ist. Aufgrund der geringen Immunogenität von Adalimumab sind allergische Reaktionen
selten. Voraussetzung für die sichere Anwendung von Adalimumab ist ein sorgfältiges
Screening auf mögliche Kontraindikationen sowie eine ausführliche Information des
Patienten. Der vorliegende Therapieleitfaden soll auf Basis der bestehenden Evidenz
helfen, Adalimumab effizient und sicher in der Behandlung von Patienten mit Morbus
Crohn zur Anwendung zu bringen.
Abstract
The advent of anti-TNF alpha antibodies has clearly improved the outcome of patients
with Crohn’s disease. With adalimumab, the first fully human, monoclonal anti-TNF
alpha antibody, which can be administered subcutaneously by means of a pen, became
available in 2007. In Europe adalimumab is approved for the treatment of severe, active
Crohn’s disease, in patients who have not responded despite a full and adequate course
of therapy with a corticosteroid and/or an immunosuppressant; or who are intolerant
to or have medical contraindications for such therapies. Adalimumab is clinically
efficacious both in patients with Crohn’s disease naïve to previous exposure to anti-TNF
alpha antibodies and in those previously exposed with a rapid onset of action and
a confirmed maintenance performance over 3 years. A reduction in the rate of hospitalisation
and an improvement of health-related quality of life are associated with this treatment.
The safety profile of adalimumab is comparable to those of other TNF alpha inhibitors.
Due to low immunogenicity, allergic reactions are rare. A careful screening of patients
before and during treatment with adalimumab is of key importance. The presented therapy
guidelines based on existing evidence are aimed to assist in the efficient and safe
use of adalimumab in the treatment of Crohn’s disease.
Schlüsselwörter
Morbus Crohn - chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankung - Biologicals
Key words
Crohn’s disease - chronic inflammatory bowel disease - biologicals
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Prof. Walter Reinisch
Medizinische Universität Wien, Univ.-Klinik Innere Medizin III
Waehringer Guertel 18 – 20
1090 Wien
Österreich
Email: walter.reinisch@meduniwien.ac.at