Somatische Faktoren bei leichten kognitiven Störungen

Zusammenfassung

Leichte kognitive Störungen beschreiben eine häufige, über dem Durchschnitt der entsprechenden Alters- und Ausbildungsstufe liegende Einschränkung von Merkfähigkeit, Aufmerksamkeit oder Denkvermögen ohne wesentliche Störung im Alltagsleben. Der Begriff „mild cognitive impairment (MCI)“ wurde in den letzten Jahren unterschiedlich definiert und als fragliches Vorstadium demenzieller Erkrankungen diskutiert. Die Ätiologie leichter kognitiver Störungen ist heterogen und kann durch unterschiedliche somatische Erkrankungen begünstigt oder hervorgerufen werden. Zu den relevanten somatischen Faktoren gehören Bluthochdruck, Diabetes mellitus, Herzinsuffizienz, chronisch-obstruktive Lungenerkrankung und Asthma bronchiale. Eine mögliche Rolle bei der Entstehung von leichten kognitiven Störungen besitzen ferner Hypercholesterinämie, chronische Niereninsuffizienz, subklinische Hypothyreose, Testosteronmangel, minimale hepatische Enzephalopathie, HIV- und Hepatitis-C-Infektion. Daher muss bei leichten kognitiven Störungen nach somatischen Risikofaktoren gesucht werden, um diese optimal zu behandeln, da dies zu einer Leistungsverbesserung führen oder eine Progredienz verhindern kann.

Abstract

Mild cognitive impairment describes a cognitive decline greater than expected for an individual’s age and education level that does not interfere significantly with activities of daily life. In the recent years concepts of “mild cognitive impairment” with divergent definitions have been discussed as potential preclinical forms of dementia. The etiology of cognitive impairment is heterogeneous and it can be promoted or caused by numerous somatic factors. Relevant somatic factors include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, chronic obstructive airways disease and bronchial asthma. Cognitive impairment may be facilitated by hypercholesterolemia, chronic renal failure, hypothyroidism, testosterone deficiency, minimal hepatic encephalopathy, HIV- and hepatitis C-infection. Knowledge and diagnosis of these somatic factors is essential in cognitive impairment, as diligent treatment may lead to improve cognitive performance and postpone the manifestation of dementia.

Schlüsselwörter

leichte kognitive Störungen - Demenz - somatische Risikofaktoren - Ätiologie - Prävention

Key words

mild cognitive impairment - dementia - somatic risk factors - etiology - prevention

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