Behandlung akuter Erregungszustände: Evidenz im klinischen Kontext

Zusammenfassung

Akute Erregungszustände stellen einen psychiatrischen Notfall mit erheblichem Risiko für Patienten und medizinisches Personal dar. Die Ursachen reichen von psychiatrischen Erkrankungen und Intoxikationen bis hin zu neurologischen und internistischen Erkrankungen. Das Management erfordert eine strukturierte Diagnostik und ein stufenweises therapeutisches Vorgehen. Trotz der hohen klinischen Relevanz liegt bislang nur eine begrenzte Evidenz aus qualitativ hochwertigen Studien vor. Diese Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über therapeutische Strategien, einschließlich pharmakologischer und nicht-medikamentöser Ansätze. Klinische Fallbeispiele veranschaulichen praxisnahe Behandlungswege.

Abstract

Acute agitation constitutes a psychiatric emergency with significant risk to both patients and healthcare staff. Causes range from psychiatric illnesses and intoxications to neurological and internal medical conditions. Management requires structured diagnostics and stepwise intervention. Despite the high clinical relevance, there is limited evidence from high-quality studies. This paper reviews therapeutic strategies, including both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Clinical case studies illustrate practical treatment pathways.

Schlüsselwörter

Akuter Erregungszustand - Aggression - Pharmakotherapie - Deeskalation

Keywords

Acute agitation - aggression - pharmacotherapy - deescalation

Publication History

Article published online:
12 September 2025

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