Magenschrittmacher-Update: Relevanz bei Gastroparese

Zusammenfassung

Die Gastroparese stellt eine Erkrankung dar, bei der die Magenentleerung in Abwesenheit einer mechanischen Obstruktion des Magenausgangs erheblich eingeschränkt ist. Neben medikamentös-konservativen Maßnahmen stellt die gastrale Elektrostimulation (GES) bei refraktären Verläufen eine mögliche Therapiealternative dar. Allerdings lässt die Datenlage aus randomisierten kontrollierten Studien zur Wirksamkeit keine uneingeschränkte Empfehlung zu. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist neben der Einführung in das Krankheitsbild der Gastroparese inkl. der zugrunde liegenden Pathophysiologie die Einordnung der therapeutischen Rolle der GES anhand der aktuell verfügbaren Literatur. Insbesondere werden Indikationen und Limitationen der Therapie aufgezeigt, bevor mögliche Optimierungen der Therapie skizziert und ein Ausblick auf ein mögliches innovatives Therapieverfahren in der Zukunft gegeben werden.

Abstract

Gastroparesis is a disease in which gastric emptying is significantly decreased in the absence of a mechanical obstruction of the gastric outlet. In addition to conservative or pharmacological treatment options, gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is a possible alternative therapy for refractory courses of the disease. However, the available data from randomised controlled trials on efficacy do not permit an unqualified recommendation. The aim of this review is to introduce the clinical picture of gastroparesis, including the underlying pathophysiology, and to classify the therapeutic role of GES, based on the currently available literature. In particular, indications and limitations of the therapy are outlined that may lead to optimisation of the therapy, followed by an outlook on a potential new therapeutic procedure.

Schlüsselwörter

Magenschrittmacher - gastrale Elektrostimulation - Gastroparese - Optogenetik

Keywords

gastric pacemaking - gastric electrical stimulation - gastroparesis - optogenetics

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 30. April 2025

Angenommen nach Revision: 12. Juni 2025

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
08. August 2025

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