Tracking Methods in Sports: a Review of Advances, Quality, and Challenges in Performance Data

Abstract

Tracking systems in sports aim to record the athlete’s position as a function of time. From these data, information on physical, tactical and technical performance is obtained and assists coaches and players in decision-making during the training and competition routine. The implementation, feasibility, and quality of data generated by tracking systems depend on the conditions of each sporting environment and their requirements. This narrative review addresses the fundamentals of the main tracking systems, including algorithms based on computer vision and artificial intelligence for processing videos and global (global positioning system and global navigation satellite system) and local positioning systems. We also address technological advances for obtaining data from human pose estimation and the main validation or quality analysis studies of each method. Finally, we present a series of recommendations and future directions for the evaluation and development of automatic and accurate athlete tracking tools.

Keywords

electronic performance and tracking system - global positioning system - global navigation satellite system - human pose estimation - multiple people tracking - artificial intelligence

Publication History

Received: 03 September 2024

Accepted after revision: 07 April 2025

Accepted Manuscript online:
08 April 2025

Article published online:
20 May 2025

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