Stellenwert der funktionellen Diagnostik in Prävention und Rehabilitation

Zusammenfassung

Funktionelle Diagnostik (FD) beschreibt die Analyse menschlicher Bewegungshandlungen unter Berücksichtigung von sportlicher Leistungsfähigkeit, Technik und neuromuskulärer Funktion. Bezüglich der Begrifflichkeiten der Messverfahren in der FD herrscht aktuell große Heterogenität. Ärzte, Sportwissenschaftler, Physiotherapeuten und Bewegungswissenschaftler arbeiten auf diesem Gebiet eng zusammen und ergänzen ihre Kompetenzen. Allerdings sind durch die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit auch verschiedene Begriffe und Definitionen im Umlauf und in der praktischen Anwendung geläufig. Dieser Artikel des Komitees für „Funktionelle Diagnostik“ der Gesellschaft für Orthopädisch-Traumatologische Sportmedizin (GOTS) stellt eine systematische Übersicht der Begrifflichkeiten dar und strukturiert die Mess- und Testverfahren. Apparative hochstandardisierte Kraftmessverfahren (z.B. Isokinetik, Isometrik) sowie einfache dynamische Maximalkrafttests werden in diesem Artikel erläutert und in Zusammenhang mit der Anwendung gebracht. Ebenso wird eine Übersicht der aktuellen Evidenz im Themengebiet der FD gegeben. Hieraus können relevante Rückschlüsse für die praktische Anwendung gezogen werden. Praxisorientierte Beispiele von Muskel- und Sehnenverletzungen sowie chronischen Laufverletzungen zeigen die Anwendung der FD in den einzelnen Themengebieten detailliert auf.

Abstract

Functional diagnostics, such as biomechanical testing in orthopaedic patients, is an important and frequently discussed topic in both the literature and clinical practice. It represents a multidisciplinary approach involving medical doctors, physiotherapists, sports scientists, and other disciplines. There is controversy regarding terminology and applications in clinical settings. This article provides an overview of the most common terms and methods. Functional diagnostics are used in the diagnosis of disorders related to human locomotion and functional deficits. The primary focus is on developing and evaluating the effectiveness of prevention or rehabilitation programs. Functional diagnostics are also used to evaluate patients before and after surgeries, such as ACL repair, to assess improvement and outcomes. The Functional Diagnostics Committee of the German Society of Orthopaedic and Traumatological Sports Medicine (Gesellschaft für Orthopädisch-Traumatologische Sportmedizin, “GOTS”) has summarized the recent literature in this field and developed a practically based approach for the implementation of functional testing in orthopaedics.

Schlüsselwörter

Funktionelle Diagnostik - Bewegungsanalyse - Sportmedizin - Orthopädie

Keywords

biomechanical testing - motion analysis - sports medicine - orthopaedics

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