Similar effect of lidocaine and saline on ciliary beating of nasal epithelial cells in vitro

Abstract

Background

Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a rare genetic disease affecting ciliary motility and causing respiratory symptoms. Diagnosis can be done by high-speed-videomicroscopy using nasal epithelial cells (NECs) obtained via brushings. This procedure can be painful, especially for children. The use of lidocaine is proposed to reduce this pain; however, it is not clear whether lidocaine changes ciliary beating frequency (CBF) or pattern (CBP) in the subsequent high-speed-videomicroscopy. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of lidocaine on the CBF and the CBP of differentiated, air-liquid-interface cultured NECs.

Methods

NECs from healthy volunteers were obtained via brushings and cultured at the air-liquid-interface. After differentiation, lidocaine or isotonic saline (IS, control) were added apically for 1 or 5 min each and CBF (in top view of whole inserts and side views of scratched cells) and CBP (only side view) were assessed and recorded up to 150 min. CBF was computed and CBP was analysed semiquantitatively.

Results

Lidocaine as well as IS increased the CBF in the top view approach significantly compared to baseline. However, we found no significant differences between lidocaine and IS (control) treatment. Additionally, no effect of lidocaine on CBF, CBP, amplitude, inter- and intracellular coordination or transport was seen in the side view approach.

Conclusion

We conclude that the observed CBF increase is related to the addition of liquid on the mucus layer and not by the lidocaine itself. Therefore, it seems possible to use lidocaine for nasal analgesia without impact on subsequent analysis of the ciliary motility.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Primäre Ciliäre Dyskinesie (PCD) ist eine seltene genetische Erkrankung, die die ziliäre Motilität beeinflusst und die Atemwege beeinträchtigt. Die Diagnose kann mittels Hochfrequenzvideomikroskopie durch Nutzung nasaler Epithelzellen (NECs) erfolgen, die durch ein Brushing gewonnen werden. Dieses kann, insbesondere für Kinder, schmerzhaft sein. Durch Lidocain kann dieser Schmerz reduziert werden. Unklar ist jedoch, ob Lidocain die ziliäre Schlagfrequenz (ciliary beating frequecy, CBF) oder das Schlagmuster (pattern, CBP) in der nachfolgenden Videomikroskopie beeinflusst. Ziel war es, den Effekt von Lidocain auf CBF und CBP von differenzierten air-liquid-interface (ALI) NEC-Kulturen zu analysieren.

Methode

NECs von gesunden Freiwilligen wurden mittels Brushing entnommen und an der ALI kultiviert. Nach der Differenzierung wurde Lidocain oder isotone Kochsalzlösung (IS, Kontrolle) apikal für 1 oder 5 Minuten hinzugefügt und CBF (Aufsicht ganzes Insert und Seitansicht der abgekratzten Zellen) sowie CBP (Seitansicht) über 150 Minuten evaluiert. CBF wurde berechnet, CBP semiquantitativ analysiert.

Resultate

Lidocain sowie IS erhöhten die CBF in der Aufsicht signifikant im Vergleich zur Baseline. Jedoch fanden wir keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen der Behandlung mit Lidocain oder IS. In der Seitansicht wurde kein Effekt von Lidocain auf CBF, CBP, inter- oder intrazellulärer Koordination oder Transport beobachtet.

Schlussfolgerung

Wir schließen daraus, dass die beobachtete Erhöhung der CBF mit der Zugabe von Flüssigkeit auf die Mukusschicht in Zusammenhang steht und nicht mit dem Lidocain selbst. Daher scheint es möglich, Lidocain für die nasale Analgesie zu nutzen ohne die ziliäre Motilität in der Analyse zu beeinträchtigen.

Keywords

respiratory epithelial cells - ciliary beating - primary ciliary dyskinesia - nasal brushing - high-speed-videomicroscopy

Schlüsselwörter

respiratorische Epithelzellen - Primäre ziliäre Dyskinesie - Hochgeschwindigkeits-Videomikroskopie - Nasenbürstung - Zilienschlag

Publication History

Accepted Manuscript online:
21 February 2025

Article published online:
06 May 2025

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