Die Rolle von Heilpilzen in der Integrativen Onkologie

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund/Ziel Heilpilze haben eine lange Tradition in der (ost-) asiatischen Medizin und gewinnen zunehmend auch in der westlichen Medizin an Bedeutung. Eine wachsende Anzahl präklinischer Studien weist auf mögliche onkotherapeutische Eigenschaften hin. Dennoch ist die klinische Relevanz von Mykotherapeutika (jenseits von Antibiotika) bislang völlig unzureichend erforscht, sodass ihr potenzieller Nutzen für die medizinische Praxis weiterhin unklar ist. Dieser narrative Review soll einen Überblick über die klinische Evidenz, die Bedeutung und die potenzielle Rolle von Heilpilzen in der Komplementäronkologie geben.

Methoden Es wurden wissenschaftliche Datenbanken nach (randomisierten) kontrollierten klinischen Studien durchsucht, in denen Vollspektrumpräparate aus Heilpilzen bei Krebspatienten während und/oder nach einer konventionellen onkologischen Behandlung untersucht wurden. 9 Studien erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien (8 randomisierte kontrollierte Studien, 1 kontrollierte klinische Studie). Bei den untersuchten Heilpilzen handelte es sich um Agaricus sylvaticus (2 Studien), Agaricus blazei (2 Studien), Antrodia cinnamomea (1 Studie), Trametes versicolor (1 Studie) und Ganoderma lucidum (3 Studien); in allen Studien wurde mit Placebo verglichen. Die Präparate wurden oral verabreicht.

Ergebnisse Die Studienergebnisse deuten auf günstige Effekte von Heilpilzen hin, insbesondere bzgl. Lebensqualität und der Reduktion unerwünschter Wirkungen konventioneller Therapien. Zudem wurde über positive Auswirkungen auf die Antitumoraktivität und die Immunmodulation berichtet, z. B. eine erhöhte Aktivität natürlicher Killerzellen. Darüber hinaus lassen die Daten vermuten, dass Krebspatienten, die Mykotherapeutika erhalten, möglicherweise eine verlängerte Überlebenszeit aufweisen. Unerwünschte Ereignisse wurden nur in 3 Studien berichtet; hier traten v. a. gastrointestinale Reaktionen und ein Rückgang der Thrombozytenzahl auf. Die methodische Qualität der meisten inkludierten Studien war generell unzureichend.

Schlussfolgerung Heilpilze haben möglicherweise ein therapeutisches Potenzial für Krebspatienten während und nach konventionellen onkologischen Behandlungen, insbesondere hinsichtlich Lebensqualität, der Verringerung unerwünschter Wirkungen konventioneller Behandlungen und möglicherweise auch bezüglich anderer Surrogatparameter wie Immunfunktionen. Es besteht ein dringender Bedarf, die Sicherheit und mögliche Wechselwirkungen von Heilpilzen mit anderen arzneilichen Substanzen zu untersuchen. Qualitativ hochwertige klinische (und präklinische) Forschung ist erforderlich, um das Potenzial von Heilpilzen in der Krebstherapie zu klären.

Schlüsselwörter

Heilpilze - Mykotherapie - Integrative Onkologie - Komplementärmedizin - Naturheilkunde

Publication History

Article published online:
17 April 2025

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