Adipositas im Alter – Auswirkungen auf Kraft und -Funktion der Skelettmuskulatur

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die zentrale Bedeutung der Muskelmasse, -kraft und -funktion im Alter ist eindeutig wissenschaftlich belegt. Die Frage, wie sich eine Adipositas auf die Kraft und die Funktion der Skelettmuskulatur im Alter auswirkt, wurde jedoch lange Zeit kaum systematisch untersucht.

Ziel der Arbeit

Diese Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über Kohortenstudien zum Zusammenhang von Adipositas mit Muskelkraft und -funktion und diskutiert zugrundeliegende Ursachen wie Fettinfiltration, subklinische Inflammation und mitochondriale Dysfunktion.

Ergebnisse

Kohortenstudien zeigen, dass Adipositas trotz Zunahme des Muskelvolumens die Muskelkraft und -funktion im Alter negativ beeinflusst, was zu Aktivitätseinschränkungen und einem höheren Risiko für Invalidität führen kann. Neue Daten weisen darauf hin, dass Fettinfiltration im Skelettmuskel mit geringerer Muskelqualität und Leistungsfähigkeit assoziiert ist. Weitere Mechanismen wie subklinische Inflammation und mitochondriale Dysfunktion tragen ebenfalls zur Verschlechterung der Muskelkraft und -funktion im Alter bei.

Abstract

Background

The pivotal role of muscle mass, strength, and function in old age is unequivocal. However, the effects of obesity on skeletal muscle strength and function in old age have only recently come under scrutiny.

Aim

This work aims to provide an overview of cohort studies examining the association between obesity and muscle strength and function, and to discuss underlying causes such as fat infiltration, subclinical inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Results

Cohort studies, some based on large populations, show that despite increases in muscle volume, obesity negatively influences muscle strength and function in old age. This can lead to activity restrictions, promoting loss of independence and higher disability risk. New data indicate that fat infiltration in skeletal muscle, associated with age and fat mass, correlates with lower muscle quality and performance. Additionally, obesity-related mechanisms like subclinical inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to deteriorating muscle strength and function in old age.

Schlüsselwörter

Adipositas - Sarkopenie - Muskelkraft - Fettinfiltration - Inflammation - Alter

Keywords

Obesity - sarcopenia - muscle strength - fat infiltration - inflammation - ageing

Publication History

Article published online:
28 February 2025

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