Um Entstehung, Verlauf, Therapie und Prävention kardiologischer und
psychosomatischer Störungen und deren Wechselwirkungen zu behandeln und zu
erforschen, hat sich in den letzten Jahren das Fachgebiet der Psychokardiologie
etabliert. In diesem Artikel sollen klinische und praktische Aspekte der
Psychokardiologie und die wichtigsten psychischen Komorbiditäten im Zusammenhang
mit Herzerkrankungen vermittelt sowie gezeigt werden, welche therapeutischen
Angebote es gibt.
Abstract
In order to treat and research the development, progression, therapy and
prevention of cardiological and psychosomatic disorders and their interactions,
the field of psychocardiology has been established in recent years and now
offers several treatment options.
The well-known somatic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as smoking,
diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and acquired or congenital lipid
metabolism disorders, lack of exercise, malnutrition and sleep-related disorders
are often related to psychosocial risk factors. Conversely, mental illnesses
such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder can also be viewed as
independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
Somatic illnesses can, in turn, result in significant psychological reactions
that have a severely negative impact on the course of the disease, participation
and quality of life.
In addition to the scientific research into these connections, psychocardiology
offers a clinical specialty that questions, diagnoses and provides treatment for
psychosocial connections in cardiovascular patients.
The aim of this article is primarily to convey clinical and practical aspects of
psychocardiology and the most important psychological comorbidities in
connection with heart disease. In addition, it should be shown which therapeutic
offers are available in the medical care structures and how therapy can be
carried out. Psychotherapy and exercise therapy are preferred for the treatment
of these comorbid disorders. The possibility of psychopharmacological therapy
for cardiovascular patients is also presented, especially because of possible
problematic medication interactions.
Schlüsselwörter
Psychokardiologie - kardiale Risikofaktoren - Depression - Angststörung - posttraumatische Belastungsstörung
Keywords
psychocardiology - cardiac risk factors - depression - anxiety disorder - post-traumatic stress disorder
