Granuloma Annulare: A Rare and Unusual Lesion of the Eyelid

Introduction

Granuloma annulare (GA) is a benign, self-limiting inflammatory disorder of unknown origin that affects children and adults. Diagnosis is often missed when it presents as an asymptomatic subcutaneous mass in children. In adults, the presence of additional pathologies and triggering factors should be investigated, whereas in pediatric cases, no direct cause has been identified for the etiology. However, the differential diagnosis of conditions similar to the lesions should be considered. To raise awareness of this disease and to differentiate GA from its clinical and histological mimics, we present a case of GA in an 11-year-old female.

Publication History

Received: 04 May 2023

Accepted: 04 September 2023

Accepted Manuscript online:
06 September 2023

Article published online:
19 October 2023

• References

• 1 Mesara BW, Brody GL, Oberman HA. “Pseudorheumatoid” subcutaneous nodules. Am J Clin Pathol 1966; 45: 684-691
• 2 Requena L, Fernández-Figueras MT. [Subcutaneous granuloma annulare]. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2007; 26: 96-99
• 3 Reyes-Baraona F, Hasbún P, González S. et al. Subcutaneous granuloma annulare: a case report. Rev Chil Pediatr 2017; 88: 652-655
• 4 Felner EI, Steinberg JB, Weinberg AG. Subcutaneous granuloma annulare: a review of 47 cases. Pediatrics 1997; 100: 965-967
• 5 Evans MJ, Blessing K, Gray ES. et al. Pseudorheumatoid nodule (deep granuloma annulare) of childhood: clinicopathologic features of twenty patients. Pediatr Dermatol 1994; 11: 6-9
• 6 Moegelin A, Thalmann U, Haas N. Subcutaneous granuloma annulare of the eyelid. A case report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995; 24: 236-238
• 7 Wells RS, Smith MA. The natural history of granuloma annulare. Br J Dermatol 1963; 75: 199-205
• 8 Mauriello jr. JA, Lambert WC, Mostafavi R. Granuloma annulare of the eyelid. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 1996; 12: 141-145
• 9 AlOqab AW, Butt SA, AlHammad FA. Periocular subcutaneous granuloma annulare in a child: A case report. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022; 25: 101317
• 10 Ferry AP. Subcutaneous granuloma annulare (“pseudo-rheumatoid nodule”) of the eyebrow. J Pediatr Ophthalmol 1977; 14: 154-157
• 11 Floyd BB, Brown B, Isaacs H. et al. Pseudorheumatoid nodule involving the orbit. Arch Ophthalmol 1982; 100: 1478-1480
• 12 Wojno T, Tenzle RR, Thomas M. Granuloma annulare of the eyelid. Ann Ophthalmol 1985; 17: 73-75
• 13 Lawton AW, Karesh JW. Periocular granuloma annulare. Surv Ophthalmol 1987; 31: 285-290
• 14 Sandwich JT, Davis LS. Granuloma annulare of the eyelid: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol 1999; 16: 373-376
• 15 Cronquist SD, Stashower ME, Benson PM. Deep dermal granuloma annulare presenting as an eyelid tumor in a child, with review of pediatric eyelid lesions. Pediatr Dermatol 1999; 16: 377-380
• 16 Goldstein SM, Douglas RS, Binenbaum G. et al. Paediatric periocular granuloma annulare. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2003; 81: 90-91
• 17 McNeal S, Daw jr. JL. Subcutaneous granuloma annulare: an unusual presentation in the eyelids and scalp. Ann Plast Surg 2005; 55: 684-686
• 18 Dutton JJ, Escaravage jr. GK. Periocular subperiosteal deep granuloma annulare in a child. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2006; 22: 141-143
• 19 Pajot C, Maillard H, Pajot O. et al. [Granuloma annulare of the eyelid in a child: an atypical localization]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2007; 134: 381-383
• 20 De Becker I, Summers CG, Kaye V. et al. Periocular granuloma annulare in four children. J AAPOS 2010; 14: 280-282
• 21 Gomez-Moyano E, Vera-Casaño A, Martinez S. et al. Periorbital granuloma annulare successfully treated with tacrolimus 0.1 % ointment. Int J Dermatol 2014; 53: e156-e157
• 22 Chiang K, Bhalla R, Mesinkovska NA. et al. Periocular granuloma annulare: a case report and review of literature. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31: 722-725
• 23 Srinivas SM, Goswami M, Naik M. Periocular granuloma annulare in a child. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2014; 80: 171-172
• 24 Grogg KL, Nascimento AG. Subcutaneous granuloma annulare in childhood: clinicopathologic features in 34 cases. Pediatrics 2001; 107: E42