Abstract
Fixed flexion deformities (FFDs) present several unique challenges in total knee arthroplasty
(TKA) and require careful consideration to achieve optimal outcomes. FFD alters normal
knee biomechanics and increases energy expenditure. They may be attributed to both
bony deformities and fibrosed soft tissues, which must be addressed in stepwise fashion
at the time of surgery. A literature review was conducted utilizing keywords “fixed
flexion deformity TKA.” This review article aims to discuss the anatomy and pathology,
preoperative evaluation, classification system, surgical techniques for addressing
deformity, implant selection considerations, postoperative protocols, clinical outcomes,
and potential complications associated with correcting FFD. By comprehensively addressing
these aspects, surgeons can optimize surgical planning and improve outcomes in patients
with FFD undergoing TKA.
Keywords
total knee arthroplasty - sagittal - balance
