Subjektive und objektivierte Riech- und Schmeckstörungen aus einer HNO-Post-COVID-19-Sprechstunde

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung Riechstörungen gehören zu den 4 häufigsten Post-COVID-19-Beschwerden. Ziel unserer prospektiven Studie aus einer universitären HNO-Post-COVID-Sprechstunde (PCS) war es, die Beschwerden mit psychophysischen Testergebnissen zu untermauern.

Methoden Nach einer HNO-Untersuchung wurden 60 Post-COVID-19-Patienten (41 Frauen) schriftlich zu ihrer Krankengeschichte befragt. Ihre Riechfähigkeit wurde mit der erweiterten Sniffin’-Sticks-Testbatterie getestet, und ihr Schmeckvermögen wurde mit dem 3-Tropfen-Test bestimmt. Aus diesen Daten konnten 3 quantitative olfaktorische (RD) und gustatorische (SD) Diagnosen aus Normalwerttabellen definiert werden. Jeder zweite Patient nahm an einer Kontrolluntersuchung teil.

Ergebnisse Bis zur Erstuntersuchung gaben 60 Patienten Riech- und 51 Schmeckstörungen an; ihre durchschnittliche Dauer betrug in beiden Fällen 11 Monate. Objektivierte pathologische RD und SD hatten 87% bzw. 42% der Gesamtkohorte. Jeder dritte Patient litt an einer objektivierten Kombination aus olfaktorischen und gustatorischen Schäden. Etwa jeder zweite Patient klagte über eine Parosmie. Parosmische Patienten mit 2 Untersuchungsterminen kamen früher zur Kontrolle. Sechs Monate nach der Erstuntersuchung hatten sich bei diesen Patienten die Wahrnehmungsschwellen, der SDI und die RD verbessert. Die Selbsteinschätzung der Riechfähigkeit hatte sich nicht verändert.

Schlussfolgerungen Objektivierte pathologische RD persistierten in unserem PCS für durchschnittlich anderthalb Jahre seit Beginn der Infektion. Parosmiker hatten eine bessere Prognose. Für das Gesundheitssystem und insbesondere für die betroffenen Patienten stellen sie auch nach der Pandemie eine Belastung dar.

Abstract

Introduction Olfactory disorders are among the four most common post-COVID-19 complaints. The aim of our prospective study from a university ENT post-COVID consultation (PCS) was to substantiate the symptoms with psychophysical test results.

Methods After an ENT examination, 60 post-COVID-19 patients (41 women) were asked in writing about their medical history. Their ability to smell was tested using the extended Sniffin’ Sticks test battery and their ability to taste was determined using the 3-drop test. From these data, three quantitative olfactory (RD) and gustatory (SD) diagnoses could be defined from normal value tables. Every second patient took part in a control examination.

Results Up to the first examination, 60 patients reported smell and 51 taste disorders; their average duration was 11 months in both cases. Objectified pathologic RD and SD had 87% and 42% of the total cohort, respectively. Every third patient suffered from an objectified combination of olfactory and gustatory damage. About every second patient complained of parosmia. Parosmic patients with two visits came earlier for a check-up. Six months after the initial examination, the detection thresholds, the TDI and the RD had improved in these patients. The self-assessment of olfactory ability had not changed.

Conclusions Objectified pathologic RD persisted in our PCS for a mean of 1.5 years from the onset of infection. Parosmics had a better prognosis. For the healthcare system and especially for the patients affected, they continue to be a burden even after the pandemic.

Schlüsselwörter

Riechstörung - Schmeckstörung - psychophysische Messung des Riechens - psychophysische Messung des Schmeckens - Prognose des Riechvermögens - Prognose des Schmeckvermögens - Post-Covid-19 - Selbsteinschätzung

Keywords

Post-Covid-19 - olfactory disorder - gustatory disorder - subjective rating - measured ability of smelling and tasting - prognosis

Publication History

Received: 13 March 2023

Accepted after revision: 10 May 2023

Article published online:
20 June 2023

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