Weiterbildungsdidaktik in der Alterspsychiatrie und -psychotherapie – Eine Literaturübersicht

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Aufgrund des demographischen Wandels, der zunehmend auch die ältere Bevölkerung einschliessenden Entstigmatisierung psychischer Erkrankungen und nicht zuletzt dem erheblichen Zuwachs an spezifischen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Verfahren gewinnt das Fachgebiet der Alterspsychiatrie und Psychotherapie an Relevanz für die Grundversorgung. Entsprechend wichtig ist eine qualitativ hochwertige ärztliche Weiterbildung im Fachgebiet Alterspsychiatrie. Fragestellung Das Ziel der hier vorgestellten Übersichtsarbeit war es die Literatur zu medizindidaktischen Aspekten in der alterspsychiatrischen Weiterbildung zu sichten und aktuellen internationalen Entwicklungen in der kompetenz-basierten Weiterbildung gegenüberzustellen.

Methode Für diese Übersichtsarbeit wurde die Scoping-Review-Methode nach Arksey und O’Malley verwendet.

ErgebnisseDie initiale Suche ergab 913 Treffer. Nach Volltextsichtung wurden 20 Originalartikel für die Datenextraktion verwendet. Die Studieninhalte wurden drei Kategorien zugeordnet: Nachwuchsrekrutierung, Dauer und Struktur von Weiterbildungscurricula in der Alterspsychiatrie sowie alterspsychiatrische Lernziele und Kompetenzen. Mehrheitlich wurden Umfragen oder Expertenkonsensus als Methoden verwendet. Klinische Arbeitserfahrung mit alterspsychiatrischen Patient:innen und entsprechende medizindidaktische Betreuung von Assistenzärzt:innen war ein wichtiger Faktor für Interesse am Fachgebiet Alterspsychiatrie. Einzelne Evaluationsstudien weisen auf das Potential von digitalen Lehr- und Lernformaten und Simulationstrainings für alterspsychiatrische Inhalte. Insgesamt liegen bisher keine Studien in der Alterspsychiatrie mit explizitem Bezug zu kompetenz-basierten Weiterbildungskonzepten vor.

Schlussfolgerungen Klinische Rotationen und Mentoring fördern das Interesse bei Assistenzärzt:innen am Fachgebiet Alterspsychiatrie. Weiterhin ist eine systematische Verankerung von klinischen Rotationen mit entsprechender strukturierter Wissens- und Fertigkeitsvermittlung in der alterspsychiatrischen Weiterbildung ein wichtiger Faktor. Medizindidaktische Begleitforschung im Fachgebiet Alterspsychiatrie mit Bezug zu Patientenparametern scheint ein sinnvoller nächster Schritt.

Abstract

Background Gerontopsychiatry will become increasingly relevant as a discipline for primary care based on current demographic forecasts, destigmatization of mental illness and specific diagnostic and therapeutic developments. Hence, high quality graduate medical training in old age psychiatry is needed. Objectives The goal of this review was to summarize the literature on medical education relevant to residency training in old age psychiatry and to contrast the findings with international developments in competency-based medical education.

Materials and Methods The authors used the scoping review method of Arksey and O’Malley.

ResultsThe initial search yielded 913 hits. After full text screening, 20 original articles were used for data extraction. The study content was summarized under three categories: trainee recruitment, length and structure of graduate training curricula in old age psychiatry, and learning goals and competencies in old age psychiatry training. Surveys and expert consensus were mostly used as study methods. High-quality clinical training experience with gerontopsychiatric patients and supervision of residents was an important factor for stimulating interest in old age psychiatry. Few studies provided evidence for educational benefit of digital learning and teaching formats and simulation training in old age psychiatry. Overall, there were no studies in old age psychiatry with explicit reference to concepts of competency-based graduate medical education.

Conclusions Clinical rotations and mentoring foster interest of clinical residents in the discipline of old age psychiatry. Systematically introducing clinical rotations in old age psychiatry in general psychiatry residency programs seems necessary to enable residents to gain relevant knowledge and skills. Educational research in old age psychiatry considering patient outcomes seems to be a meaningful next step.

Schlüsselwörter

Alterspsychiatrie - Weiterbildung - Übersicht - Medizindidaktik

Key words

Geriatric psychiatry - Graduate medical education - Review - Medical education

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 21. April 2022

Angenommen: 22. Februar 2023

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
16. Juni 2023

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