Gentherapie für Ataxien

Zusammenfassung

Ataxien sind progredient verlaufende Krankheiten, die meist Folge einer Degeneration des Kleinhirns sind. Ataxien werden in genetische, sporadisch degenerative und erworbene (sekundäre) Formen unterteilt. Während es bei den erworbene (sekundäre) Ataxien etablierte Therapien gibt, sind genetische und sporadische degenerative Ataxien derzeit nicht medizinisch behandelbar. Für diese Ataxien ist die Entwicklung somatischer Gentherapien ein vielversprechender Weg. Ziele der Gentherapien bei genetischen Ataxien sind die Inaktivierung schädlicher Gene durch Gen-Silencing oder der Ersatz oder die Korrektur eines nicht funktionsfähigen Gens. Eine weitere Option, die auch für sporadisch degenerative Ataxien in Betracht kommt, sind Therapien, bei denen neue oder modifizierte Gene transferiert werden. Bei den häufigeren Ataxien, wie Friedreich-Ataxie, bestimmten spinozerebellären Ataxien und Multisystematrophie werden aktiv Gentherapien entwickelt, und erste Phase I-Studien werden bereits durchgeführt.

Abstract

Ataxias are progressive diseases that are usually the result of cerebellar degeneration. Ataxias are divided into genetic, sporadic degenerative and acquired (secondary) forms. While there are established therapies for acquired (secondary) ataxias, genetic and sporadic degenerative ataxias are currently not medically treatable. For these ataxias, the development of somatic gene therapies is a promising avenue. The goals of gene therapies for genetic ataxias are to inactivate deleterious genes by gene silencing or to replace or correct a non-functional gene. Another option, which may also be considered for sporadic degenerative ataxias, are therapies that involve transferring new or modified genes. Gene therapies are being actively developed for the more common ataxias, such as Friedreich’s ataxia, certain spinocerebellar ataxias, and multiple system atrphy, and initial phase I trials are underway.

Schlüsselwörter

Antisense-Oligonukleotide - Ataxie - Gen-Silencing - Multisystematrophie - Repeat-Mutation

Key words

Antisense oligonucleotides - Ataxia - Gene silencing - Multiple system atrophy - Repeat mutation

Publication History

Received: 22 September 2022

Accepted: 10 January 2023

Article published online:
20 February 2023

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