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DOI: 10.1055/a-1949-8895
Unravelling the Chemotaxonomic Identity of “White” and “Black” Oregano (Origanum vulgare) in Northern Greece
Supported by: This research has been co-financed by the European Union and Greek national funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, under the call RESEARCH–CREATE– INNOVATE (project code: T1EDK-04174).
Abstract
The two types of oregano used by the inhabitants of the villages of Μount Belles (GR1260001), the “white” oregano with white flowers and “black” oregano with purple flowers, were studied. The two oregano types were collected from five localities along an altitudinal gradient from 217 m up to 1299 m. “White” oregano, was found in the three lowland regions (up to 752 m) where the Pannonian-Balkanic turkey oak-sessile oak forest habitat (code 91M0) dominates. The “black” oregano was collected from the two higher altitudes, at 1177 m and 1299 m, where the Asperulo-Fagetum beech forest habitat (9130) occurs. Measurements of the density and size of peltate glandular hairs (sessile glands) on calyces, bracts, and leaves suggest that “white” oregano is distinguished by its conspicuous – apparently larger – glands. These differences were reflected in the total essential oil content, with the “white” oregano being much richer (up to 4.3 mL/100 g dry weight) than the “black” (up to 0.6%). Striking differences have also been found in the volatile fraction of their essential oil composition. The “white” oregano oils were characterized by the high content of carvacrol (up to 92.6% of identified peaks, by Headspace GC-MS). On the other hand, the two “black” oregano oils have a different aromatic profile, first reported from Greece, with main components including the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene, D-germacrene, δ-cadinene and β-bisabolene. The results so far indicate that “white” and “black” oregano, Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum and subsp. vulgare respectively, can be clearly distinguished either by their morphological (glandular) differences or by chemical (essential oil) composition.
Key words
Origanum vulgare - Lamiaceae - “white” oregano - “black” oregano - habitat type - peltate glandular trichomes - Headspace GC-MSSupporting Information
- Supporting Information
Figs. 1S–5S contain representative photos showing the density and size of sessile glands in calyces, both bract and leaf surfaces from Origanum vulgare grown wild at different altitudes of Mount Belles.
Publication History
Received: 07 April 2022
Accepted after revision: 21 September 2022
Accepted Manuscript online:
23 September 2022
Article published online:
20 November 2022
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