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Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2022; 239(11): 1305-1314
DOI: 10.1055/a-1928-5117
Übersicht

Neuro-ophthalmological Presentation of Optic Neuritis in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease

Neuroophthalmologische Präsentation der Retrobulbärneuritis im Rahmen der Myelin-Oligodendrozyten-Glykoprotein-Antikörper-assoziierten Erkrankung
Ting-Yi Lin 
1   Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
2   Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
3   Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
,
Susanna Asseyer
1   Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
2   Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
3   Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
,
Gilberto Solorza Buenrostro
1   Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
2   Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
3   Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
,
Kristina Feldmann
1   Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
2   Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
3   Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
,
Steffen Hamann
4   Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
,
Friedemann Paul
1   Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
2   Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
3   Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
5   Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
,
Hanna G. Zimmermann
1   Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
2   Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
3   Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
6   Einstein Center Digital Future, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a rare demyelinating autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system. MOGAD frequently manifests with severe, bilateral, and episodes of recurrent optic neuritis (ON) and is an important differential diagnosis to multiple sclerosis and aquaporin-4-IgG seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Besides ON, the clinical manifestations of MOGAD commonly include transverse myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and brain stem encephalitis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the neuro-ophthalmological presentation of MOGAD-ON. We describe epidemiological aspects, including the association with COVID-19 and other infections or vaccinations, clinical presentation, and imaging findings of MOGAD-ON in the acute stage and during remission. Furthermore, we report findings on prognosis, treatment response, and changes in ON-unaffected eyes. We touch upon findings on visual acuity, visual fields, and visual evoked potentials, as well as structural changes assessed with optical coherence tomography. Moreover, we explain how to differentiate MOGAD from its differential diagnoses, including other neuroinflammatory disorders (multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders), but also idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Zusammenfassung

Die Myelin-Oligodendrozyten-Glykoprotein-Antikörper-assoziierte Erkrankung (MOGAD) ist eine seltene demyelinisierende Autoimmunerkrankung des zentralen Nervensystems. Die MOGAD äußert sich häufig durch schwere, bilaterale und wiederkehrende Episoden von Retrobulbärneuritis (optic neuritis, ON) und ist eine wichtige Differenzialdiagnose der multiplen Sklerose und der Aquaporin-4-IgG-assoziierten Neuromyelitis-optica-Spektrum-Erkrankungen. Zu den klinischen Manifestationen von MOGAD gehören neben ON häufig transversale Myelitis, akute disseminierte Enzephalomyelitis oder Hirnstammenzephalitis. In diesem Artikel fassen wir den aktuellen Kenntnisstand der neuroophthalmologischen Präsentation von MOGAD-ON zusammen. Wir beschreiben epidemiologische Aspekte, einschl. des Zusammenhangs mit COVID-19 und anderen Infektionen oder Impfungen, die klinische Präsentation und die bildgebenden Befunde von MOGAD-ON im akuten Stadium und in Remission. Darüber hinaus berichten wir über Befunde zur Prognose, zum Ansprechen auf Therapie und zu Veränderungen bei nicht betroffenen Augen. Insbesondere diskutieren wir Befunde zu Sehschärfe, Gesichtsfeld, visuell evozierten Potenzialen sowie zu strukturellen Veränderungen, die mittels optischer Kohärenztomografie untersucht werden. Darüber hinaus führen wir aus, wie sich MOGAD von anderen neuroinflammatorischen Erkrankungen (multiple Sklerose und Neuromyelitis-optica-Spektrum-Erkrankungen), aber auch von idiopathischer intrakranieller Hypertonie abgrenzt.

Key words

myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease - optic neuritis - optical coherence tomography - visual evoked potential - neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

Schlüsselwörter

Myelin-Oligodendrozyten-Glykoprotein-Antikörper-assoziierte Erkrankung - Retrobulbärneuritis - optische Kohärenztomografie - visuell evozierte Potenziale - Neuromyelitis-optica-Spektrum-Erkrankungen


Publication History

Received: 17 August 2022

Accepted: 18 August 2022

Accepted Manuscript online:
22 August 2022

Article published online:
21 November 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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