Prävention von COVID-19

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Ein Großteil der Menschen, die an einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion versterben, sind Diabetiker. Ein noch größerer Anteil der COVID-19-Verstorbenen nach einem Impfdurchbruch sind Diabetiker. Es scheint so zu sein, dass die Co-Inzidenz von Diabetes sowie metabolischem Syndrom und der COVID-19-Erkrankung ein entscheidender Trigger für Morbidität und auch Mortalität der Diabetes-COVID-19-Patienten darstellt. Im Umkehrschluss kann eine Reduktion der Risikofaktoren für Diabetes und metabolisches Syndrom eine COVID-19-Erkrankung vorbeugen, aber auch im Verlauf und vor allem bei Long-COVID und Post-COVID positive Effekte auf die Morbidität der Patienten haben. Letztendlich sind Maßnahmen zur Prävention eines Diabetes, und insbesondere die mit einer antientzündlichen Komponente, auch Maßnahmen zur Prävention von Morbidität und Mortalität einer COVID-19-Erkrankung.

Publication History

Article published online:
24 February 2022

• Literatur

• 1 Bornstein SR, Francesco Rubino F, Ludwig B. et al Consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for patients with metabolic diseases. Nat Metab 2021; 3: 289-292
• 2 Dalan R, Bornstein SR, El-Armouche A. et al The ACE-2 in COVID-19: Foe or Friend?. Horm Metab Res 2020; 52: 257-263
• 3 De Rosa V, Galgani M, Santopaolo M. et al Nutritional control of immunity: Balancing the metabolic requirements with an appropriate immune function. Semin Immunol 2015; 27: 300-309
• 4 Jensen AV, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Baunbæk Egelund G. et al Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Prospective Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 65: 2091-2098
• 5 Bornstein SR, Voit-Bak K, Schmidt D. et al Is There a Role for Environmental and Metabolic Factors Predisposing to Severe COVID-19?. Horm Metab Res 2020; 52: 540-546
• 6 Thevarajan I, Nguyen THO, Koutsakos M. et al Breadth of concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19. Nat Med 2020; 26: 453-455
• 7 Misumi I, Starmer J, Uchimura T. et al Obesity Expands a Distinct Population of T Cells in Adipose Tissue and Increases Vulnerability to Infection. Cell Rep 2019; 27: 514-524 e5
• 8 Honce R, Karlsson EA, Wohlgemuth N. et al Obesity-Related icroenvironment Promotes Emergence of Virulent Influenza Virus Strains. mBio 2020; 11: e03341-19
• 9 Steenblock C, Schwarz PEH, Ludwig B. et al COVID-19 and metabolic disease: mechanisms and clinical management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9: 786-798
• 10 Tsai S, Clemente-Casares X, Zhou AC. et al Insulin Receptor-Mediated Stimulation Boosts T Cell Immunity during Inflammation and Infection. Cell Metab 2018; 28: 922-934 e4
• 11 Zhou X, Zhang P, Liang T. et al Relationship between circulating levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-angiotensin-(1-7)-MAS axis and coronary heart disease. Heart Vessels 2020; 35: 153-161
• 12 Mor A, Dekkers OM, Nielsen JS. et al Impact of Glycemic Control on Risk of Infections in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186: 227-236
• 13 Allard R, Leclerc P, Tremblay C, Tannenbaum TN. Diabetes and the severity of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 1491-1493
• 14 Wang A, Zhao W, Xu Z, Gu J. Timely blood glucose management for the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is urgently needed. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 162: 108118
• 15 Miller L, Berber E, Sumbria D, Rouse BT.. Controlling the Burden of COVID-19 by Manipulating Host Metabolism. Viral Immunol. 2021
• 16 Usman A, Bliden KP, Cho A. et al Metformin use in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: lower inflammation, oxidative stress, and thrombotic risk markers and better clinical outcomes. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2022: 1-9
• 17 Fiuza-Luces C, Garatachea N, Berger NA, Luci A. Exercise is the real polypill. Physiology (Bethesda) 2013; 28: 330-358
• 18 Yates T, Henson J, Khunti K. et al Effect of physical activity measurement type on the association between walking activity and glucose regulation in a high-risk population recruited from primary care. Int J Epidemiol 2013; 42: 533-540
• 19 Latomme J, Huys N, Cardon G. et al Do physical activity and screen time mediate the association between European fathers’ and their children’s weight status? Cross-sectional data from the Feel4Diabetes-study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16: 100
• 20 De Feo P, Schwarz P. Is physical exercise a core therapeutical element for most patients with type 2 diabetes?. Diabetes Care 2013; 36 (Suppl. 02) S149-S154
• 21 Schwarz PE, Greaves CJ, Lindström J. et al Nonpharmacological interventions for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2012; 8: 363-373
• 22 Hargreaves EA, Lee C, Jenkins M. et al Changes in Physical Activity Pre-, During and Post-lockdown COVID-19 Restrictions in New Zealand and the Explanatory Role of Daily Hassles. Front Psychol 2021; 12: 642954
• 23 Radino A, Tarantino V.. Impact of physical activity on response to stress in people aged 65 and over during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Psychogeriatrics. 2022
• 24 Rosman L, Mazzella AJ, Gehi A. et al Immediate and long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on physical activity in patients with implanted cardiac devices. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2022; 45: 111-123
• 25 Carter SJ, Baranauskas MN, Raglin JS. et al Functional status, mood state, and physical activity among women with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. medRxiv. 2022
• 26 Delbressine JM, Machado FVC, Goërtz YMJ. et al The Impact of Post-COVID-19 Syndrome on Self-Reported Physical Activity. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18: 6017
• 27 Liu Y, Wang Y, Ni Y. et al Gut Microbiome Fermentation Determines the Efficacy of Exercise for Diabetes Prevention. Cell Metab 2020; 31: 77-91 e5
• 28 Markova M, Pivovarova O, Hornemann S. et al Isocaloric Diets High in Animal or Plant Protein Reduce Liver Fat and Inflammation in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes. Gastroenterology 2017; 152: 571-585 e8
• 29 Fritsche A, Wagner R, Heni M. et al Different Effects of Lifestyle Intervention in High- and Low-Risk Prediabetes: Results of the Randomized Controlled Prediabetes Lifestyle Intervention Study (PLIS). Diabetes 2021; 70: 2785-2795
• 30 Greene MW, Roberts AP, Fruge AD. Negative Association Between Mediterranean Diet Adherence and COVID-19 Cases and Related Deaths in Spain and 23 OECD Countries: An Ecological Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8: 591964
• 31 Ferro Y, Pujia R, Maurotti S. et al Mediterranean Diet a Potential Strategy against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Narrative Review. Medicina (Kaunas) 2021; 57: 1389
• 32 Angelidi AM, Kokkinos A, Katechaki E. et al Mediterranean diet as a nutritional approach for COVID-19. Metabolism 2021; 114: 154407
• 33 Rohner M, Heiz R, Feldhaus S, Bornstein SR. Hepatic-Metabolite-Based Intermittent Fasting Enables a Sustained Reduction in Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome. Horm Metab Res 2021; 53: 529-540
• 34 Timpel P, Oswald S, Schwarz PEH, Harst L. Mapping the Evidence on the Effectiveness of Telemedicine Interventions in Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, and Hypertension: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22: e16791
• 35 Bretschneider MP, Schwarz PEH. Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen in der Diabetologie – was gibt’s, wie geht’s?. Info Diabetologie 2021; 11: 6