Embryonic Development of the Orbit

Piotr Jakub Gaca; Michael Lewandowicz; Malgorzata Lipczynska-Lewandowska; Michael Simon; Philomena A. Wawer Matos; Alexandros Doulis; Alexander C. Rokohl; Ludwig M. Heindl

doi:10.1055/a-1709-1310

Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2022; 239(01): 19-26
DOI: 10.1055/a-1709-1310

Übersicht

Embryonic Development of the Orbit

Die embryologische Entwicklung der Orbita

Piotr Jakub Gaca

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

,

Michael Lewandowicz

²Department of Oncological Surgery, Multidisciplinary M. Copernicus Voivodeship Center for Oncology and Traumatology, Lodz, Poland

,

Malgorzata Lipczynska-Lewandowska

³Clinic and Policlinic of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

,

Michael Simon

⁴Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Aachen – Bonn – Cologne, Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany

,

Philomena A. Wawer Matos

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

,

Alexandros Doulis

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

,

Alexander C. Rokohl

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

,

Ludwig M. Heindl

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

⁴Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Aachen – Bonn – Cologne, Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany

› Institutsangaben

Abstract

The embryonic and fetal development of the orbit comprises a series of sequential events, starting with the fertilization of the ovum and extending until birth. Most of the publications dealing with orbital morphogenesis describe the sequential development of each germinal layer, the ectoderm with its neuroectoderm derivative and the mesoderm. This approach provides a clear understanding of the mode of development of each layer but does not give the reader a general picture of the structure of the orbit within any specified time frame. In order to enhance our understanding of the developmental anatomy of the orbit, the authors have summarized the recent developments in orbital morphogenesis, a temporally precise and morphogenetically intricate process. Understanding this multidimensional process of development in prenatal life, identifying and linking signaling cascades, as well as the regulatory genes linked to existing diseases, may pave the way for advanced molecular diagnostic testing, developing minimally invasive interventions, and the use of progenitor/stem cell and even regenerative therapy.

Zusammenfassung

Die embryologische und fetale Entwicklung der Orbita umfasst eine Reihe aufeinanderfolgender, streng regulierter morphogenetischer Entwicklungsschritte, die mit der Befruchtung der Eizelle beginnen und sich von diesem Zeitpunkt an bis zur Geburt erstrecken. Die meisten Veröffentlichungen/Publikationen, die sich mit der Orbitamorphogenese befassen, beschreiben die sequenzielle Entwicklung jeder Keimschicht, des Ektoderms mit seinem Neuroektodermderivat und des Mesoderms. Das vermittelt ein klares Verständnis des Entwicklungsmodus jeder Schicht, gibt jedoch dem Leser kein allgemeines Bild von den Strukturen, deren Entwicklung in einem bestimmten Zeitrahmen vollständig/abgeschlossen wäre. Zum besseren Verständnis der Entwicklungsanatomie der Orbita haben die Autoren die jüngsten Entwicklungen in der Orbitamorphogenese, einem zeitlich präzisen, multifaktoriellen und morphogenetisch komplizierten Prozess, zusammengefasst. Das Verständnis dieses multidimensionalen Entwicklungsprozesses im pränatalen Leben, die Identifizierung und Verknüpfung von Signalkaskaden und regulatorischen Genen mit bestehenden Krankheiten können den Weg für eine fortschrittliche molekulare Diagnostik, die Entwicklung minimalinvasiver Interventionen und den Einsatz von Vorläufer-/Stammzellen und sogar regenerativer Therapie ebnen.

Key words

anatomic abnormalities - embryology - morphogenesis - milestones

Schlüsselwörter

anatomische Anomalien - Embryologie - Morphogenese - Meilensteine

Volltext

Referenzen

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