Liquid Biopsy beim Mammakarzinom

Zusammenfassung

In den letzten Jahren gewinnt die Liquid Biopsy, d. h. die blutbasierte Untersuchung von zirkulierenden Tumorzellen (CTCs) und Nukleinsäuren (DNA/RNA) beim Mammakarzinom zunehmend an Relevanz. Zahlreiche Studien haben bereits die hohe prognostische Bedeutung der CTC-Detektion sowohl im frühen als auch metastasierten Stadium gezeigt. Des Weiteren korrelieren die Veränderungen der CTC-Zahlen und der zirkulierenden Tumor-DNA (ctDNA) im Verlauf der Erkrankung mit dem Ansprechen auf die Therapie. Im Fokus der Forschung stehen derzeit die Liquid-Biopsy-basierten Therapieinterventionen beim metastasierten Mammakarzinom. In diesem Kontext wurde Alpelisib, ein PI3K-Inhibitor, als erste Substanz durch die FDA und die EMA zugelassen.

Abstract

In recent years, the blood-based analysis of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA), otherwise known as liquid biopsy, has become increasingly important in breast cancer. Numerous trials have already underscored the high prognostic significance of CTC detection in both early and metastatic stages. Moreover, the changes in CTC levels and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) during the course of the disease correlate with the response to treatment. Research currently focuses on liquid-biopsy based therapeutic interventions in metastatic breast cancer. In this context, alpelisib, a PI3K inhibitor, was the first agent to be approved by FDA and EMA.

Schlüsselwörter

Liquid Biopsy - Mammakarzinom - zirkulierende Tumor‑DANN - zirkulierende Tumorzelle - zielgerichtete Therapie

Key words

liquid biopsy - breast cancer - circulating tumour DNA - circulating tumour cell - targeted therapy

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