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Pneumologie 2022; 76(04): 260-271
DOI: 10.1055/a-1652-5960
Übersicht

Aerosoltherapie auf Intensivstation

Aerosol Therapy in Intensive Care Unit
Jens Geiseler
1   Medizinische Klinik IV – Pneumologie, Schlaf- und Beatmungsmedizin, Klinikum Vest, Standort Paracelsus-Klinik Marl, Marl
,
Olaf Mönig
2   Atmungstherapeut, Abteilung Pneumologie I, Fachkrankenhaus Kloster Grafschaft GmbH, Schmallenberg
,
Peter Butzert
3   Atmungstherapeut, Medizinische Klinik IV – Pneumologie, Schlaf- und Beatmungsmedizin, Klinikum Vest, Standort Paracelsus-Klinik Marl, Marl
,
Peter Haidl
4   Abteilung Pneumologie II, Fachkrankenhaus Kloster Grafschaft GmbH, Schmallenberg
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Zusammenfassung

Die Inhalationstherapie stellt v. a. bei pneumologischen Grund- oder Begleiterkrankungen sowohl bei invasiver als auch nichtinvasiver Beatmung häufig einen Eckpfeiler der Therapie dar, überwiegend in Form einer antiobstruktiven Therapie bei Asthma und COPD. Daneben wird im pädiatrischen Bereich beim respiratorischen Versagen infolge Frühgeburtlichkeit häufig Surfactant vernebelt. Weitere Medikamente sind inhalativ verabreichte Antibiotika, Sekretolytika sowie Substanzen zur Senkung des Pulmonalisdrucks. Der vorliegende Artikel fokussiert auf die Erwachsenen-Medizin und gibt Empfehlungen für eine korrekte Durchführung der Inhalationstherapie sowohl bei invasiver als auch nichtinvasiver Beatmung auf der Intensivstation. Ebenso werden Aspekte der Sicherheit von Patient und Personal während der Inhalationsphasen im Zusammenhang mit der aktuellen Corona-Epidemie besprochen.

Abstract

Inhalation therapy is a cornerstone especially in pulmonary diseases or comorbidities, either in invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation. In pediatric patients, mainly in respiratory failure of the premature born child inhalation of surfactant is crucial in the therapy. Additional drugs given by inhalation are antibiotics, mucoactive substances and drugs that treat pulmonary hypertension. This article describes main deposition mechanisms of inhalation therapies and presents recommendations for correct performance of inhalation therapy in invasively as well as noninvasively ventilated patients in ICU. Also safety aspects for patients and medical staff during aerosol therapy in the Corona pandemic era are discussed.



Publication History

Article published online:
22 April 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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