Download PDF
Int J Sports Med 2022; 43(04): 357-365
DOI: 10.1055/a-1555-3484
Training & Testing

Internal Load of Female Varsity Ice Hockey Players During Training and Games During a Season

Jessica Lynne Bigg
1   Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
,
Alexander Shand Davis Gamble
1   Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
,
Lawrence L. Spriet
1   Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

This study quantified internal load, using sessional rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) and heart-rate derived training impulse (TRIMP), of female varsity ice hockey players throughout a season. Twenty-four female (19.8±1.4 yr, 68.0±6.9 kg) varsity ice hockey players participated in this prospective cohort study. Internal load was captured using sRPE and TRIMP for each on-ice session. Internal load was significantly higher (p<0.05) for games (sRPE: 324±202 AU, TRIMP: 95±60 AU) compared to training (sRPE: 248±120 AU, TRIMP: 68±32 AU). Overall, goalies had a higher internal load than forwards (sRPE and TRIMP) and defence (TRIMP), with no differences between forwards and defence. Micro-cycle periodization was present, with training sessions several days prior to game days having the highest internal load (sRPE and TRIMP) and tapering down as subsequent training sessions approached game day. For the meso-cycle assessment, for both training and competition combined, the post-season sRPE was greater than the pre-season (p=0.002) and regular season (p<0.001). Lastly, the association between sRPE and TRIMP, revealed a large, statistically significant relationship (r=0.592, p<0.001). Internal load was greater during competitions, training sessions and subsequent internal loads suggested prioritization around game days, the post-season phase demanded the highest internal load and there was a strong correlation between sRPE and TRIMP.

Key words

sessional rating of perceived exertion - training impulse - micro-cycle - meso-cycle


Publication History

Received: 11 March 2021

Accepted: 07 July 2021

Article published online:
12 October 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

  • References

  • 1 Impellizzeri FM, Marcora SM, Coutts AJ. Internal and external training load: 15 years on. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 14: 270-273
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Halson SL. Monitoring training load to understand fatigue in athletes. Sports Med 2014; 44: 139-147
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Bourdon PC, Cardinale M, Murray A. et al. Monitoring athlete training loads: consensus statement. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2017; 12: S2161-S2170
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Borg G, Borg E. A new generation of scaling methods: level-anchored ratio scaling. Psychologica 2001; 28: 15-45
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Foster C. Monitoring training in athletes with reference to over-training syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998; 30: 1164-1168
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Banister EW, Calvert TW. Planning for future performance: implications for long term training. Can J Appl Sport Sci 1980; 5: 170-176
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Edwards S. High performance training and racing. In: Edwards S, ed. The Heart Rate Monitor Book. Sacramento: Feet Fleet Press; 1993: 113-123
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Lucia A, Hoyos J, Perez M. et al. Heart rate and performance parameters in elite cyclists: a longitudinal study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: 1777-1782
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Stagno KM, Thatcher R, van Someren KA. A modified TRIMP to quantify the in-season training load of team sport players. J Sports Sci 2007; 25: 629-634
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Manzi V, Iellamo F, Impellizzeri F. et al. Relation between individualized training impulses and performance in distance runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41: 2090-2096
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Montgomery DL. Physiology of ice hockey. Sports Med 1988; 5: 99-126
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Cox MH, Miles DS, Verde TJ. et al. Applied physiology of ice hockey. Sports Med 1995; 19: 184-201
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Vigh-Larsen JF, Ermidis G, Rago V. et al. Muscle metabolism and fatigue during simulated ice hockey match-play in elite players. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52: 2162-2171
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Ransdell LB, Murray T. A physical profile of elite female ice hockey players from the USA. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 25: 2358-2363
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Bracko MR. On-ice performance characteristics of elite and non-elite women’s ice hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 2001; 15: 42-47
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Lago-Fuentes C, Jiménez-Loaisa A, Padrón-Cabo A. et al. Monitoring workloads of a professional female futsal team over a season: a case study. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8: 69
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Vlantes TG, Readdy T. Using microsensor technology to quantify match demands in collegiate women's volleyball. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31: 3266-3278
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Chandler PT, Pinder SJ, Curran JD. et al. Physical demands of training and competition in collegiate netball players. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 28: 2732-2737
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Douglas A, Rotondi MA, Baker J. et al. On-ice physical demands of world-class women’s ice hockey: from training to competition. Int J Sport Physiol Perform 2019; 14: 1227-1232
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Harriss DJ, Macsween A, Atkinson G. Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research: 2020 Update. Int J Sports Med 2019; 40: 813-817
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Duarte TS, Alves DL, Coimbra DR. et al. Technical and tactical training load in professional volleyball players. Int J Sport Physiol Perform 2019; 14: 1338-1343
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Naidu SA, Fanchini M, Cox A. et al. Validity of session rating of perceived exertion assessed via the CR100 scale to track internal load in elite youth football players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 14: 403-406
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Bigg JL, Gamble AS, Vermeulen TF. et al. Sweat loss and fluid intake of female varsity ice hockey players during on-ice practices and games. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34: 389-395
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Jackson J, Gervais P. Movement characteristics and heart rate profiles displayed by female university ice hockey players. International Journal of Kinesiology and Sport Science 2016; 4: 43-54
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Bigg JL, Gamble AS, Vermeulen TF. et al. Sweat loss and hydration habits of female olympic, varsity and recreational ice hockey players. Int J Sports Med 2019; 40: 416-422
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Douglas AS, Kennedy CR. Tracking in-match movement demands using local positioning system in world-class men's ice hockey. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34: 639-646
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Geithner CA, Lee AM, Bracko MR. Physical and performance differences among forwards, defensemen, and goalies in elite women’s ice hockey. J Strength Cond Res 2006; 20: 500-505
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Palmer MS, Spriet LL. Sweat rate, salt loss and fluid intake during an intense on-ice practice in elite Canadian junior male hockey players. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008; 33: 263-271
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Logan-Sprenger MH, Palmer MS, Spriet LL. Estimated fluid and sodium balance and drink preferences in elite male junior players during an ice hockey game. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2011; 36: 145-152
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Gamble AS, Bigg JL, Vermeulen TF. et al. Estimated sweat loss, fluid and carbohydrate intake, and sodium balance of male major junior, AHL, and NHL players during on-ice practices. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2019; 29: 612-619
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Clarke N, Farthing JP, Norris SR. et al. Quantification of training load in Canadian football: application of session-RPE in collision-based team sports. J Strength Cond Res 2013; 27: 2198-2205
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Scott BR, Lockie RG, Knight TJ. et al. A comparison of methods to quantify the in-season training load of professional soccer players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2013; 8: 195-202
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Costa JA, Brito J, Nakamura FY. et al. Using the rating of perceived exertion and heart rate to quantify training intensity in female soccer players: validity and utility. J Strength Cond Res 2019 DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003407.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar