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DOI: 10.1055/a-1534-1972
Mythen und Legenden: EKG-Lagekontrolle zentraler Katheter – woher kommt das P?
Myths and Legends: Electrocardiographic Position Control of Central Venous Catheters – Where Does the P Come from?
Zusammenfassung
Trotz elektrokardiografischer Lagekontrolle eines zentralvenösen Katheters kommt es intraoperativ zu einer schweren Komplikation durch Katheterfehllage. Wie kann das passieren? Ist die Lagekontrolle anhand der charakteristischen P-Wellen-Erhöhung eine adäquate Methode – oder gehört der Glaube daran zu den Mythen und Legenden der Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin? Dieser Beitrag gibt Antworten.
Abstract
Misplacement of central venous accesses can be associated with deleterious iatrogenic complications. Electrocardiography is often used to guide the placement of central venous catheters and to confirm the correct position of the catheter tip. A characteristically peaked p-wave is traditionally considered to indicate the entrance of the catheter tip into the right atrium. However, recent data show that intraarterial and even extravascular localisation might result in an increased amplitude. The peaked p-wave most likely detects the pericardial reflection rather than a right atrial catheter position, hence real-time ultrasound is to be recommended as a superior technique to confirm a correct catheter position.
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Die P-Wellen-Erhöhung bei EKG-Ableitung zentraler Katheter ist kein spezifisches Signal des rechten Vorhofs, sondern der perikardialen Umschlagsfalte.
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P-Wellen-Erhöhungen treten entsprechend auch bei arterieller Lage des Katheters auf, sobald sich der Draht dem Perikard nähert.
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P-Wellen-Erhöhungen lassen demnach auch keinen Rückschluss auf eine sichere intravenöse oder überhaupt intravasale Lage zu, sondern definieren nur den Abstand zum Perikard.
Schlüsselwörter
zentralvenöse Katheter - Elektrokardiografie - P-Wellen-Erhöhung - Katheterfehllage - Real-Time-UltraschallKey words
central venous catheters - electrocardiography - peaked p-wave - catheter misplacement - real-time ultrasoundPublication History
Article published online:
26 October 2021
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